RESTful Web Service是轻量级的service,可以通过HTTP的方式来实现对后台数据库的CRUD,
在Web开发和移动开发时使用的比较广泛,非常方便。
在Java世界里, JAX-RS规范定义了对RESTful Web Service的实现。
Oracle的Jersey框架则是对JAX-RS的一个实现。
下面我们学习如何使用Jersey来创建RESTful WebService。
我的开发环境:
Eclipse Juno, Java 1.6, Tomcat 7.0, Jersey 1.18
1. 创建第一个RESTful web service
1.1创建一个叫jersey1的Dynamic Web Project.
1.2在WEB-INF/lib文件夹中导入jersey的包。
1.3创建web.xml,定义Jersey的使用。
[html] view plain copy- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
- <display-name>sample</display-name>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>Jersey REST Service</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>com.sun.jersey.config.property.packages</param-name>
- <param-value>sample</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>Jersey REST Service</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
1.4创建Java class
- package sample;
- import javax.ws.rs.GET;
- import javax.ws.rs.Path;
- import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
- //Sets the path to base URL + /hello
- @Path("/hello")
- public class Hello {
- // This method is called if TEXT_PLAIN is request
- @GET
- @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
- public String sayPlainTextHello() {
- return "Hello Jersey";
- }
- // This method is called if XML is request
- @GET
- @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_XML)
- public String sayXMLHello() {
- return "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>" + "<hello> Hello Jersey" + "</hello>";
- }
- // This method is called if HTML is request
- @GET
- @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_HTML)
- public String sayHtmlHello() {
- return "<html> " + "<title>" + "Hello Jersey" + "</title>"
- + "<body><h1>" + "Hello Jersey" + "</body></h1>" + "</html> ";
- }
- }
1.5.创建测试应用
[java] view plain copy- package sample;
- import java.net.URI;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.UriBuilder;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientResponse;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.config.ClientConfig;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.config.DefaultClientConfig;
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ClientConfig config = new DefaultClientConfig();
- Client client = Client.create(config);
- WebResource service = client.resource(getBaseURI());
- // Fluent interfaces
- System.out.println(service.path("rest").path("hello")
- .accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).get(ClientResponse.class)
- .toString());
- // Get plain text
- System.out.println(service.path("rest").path("hello")
- .accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).get(String.class));
- // Get XML
- System.out.println(service.path("rest").path("hello")
- .accept(MediaType.TEXT_XML).get(String.class));
- // The HTML
- System.out.println(service.path("rest").path("hello")
- .accept(MediaType.TEXT_HTML).get(String.class));
- }
- private static URI getBaseURI() {
- return UriBuilder.fromUri(
- "http://localhost:8080/jersey1").build();
- }
- }
1.6. 部署项目到tomcat后,运行Test程序:
2.然后来结合JAXB来创建RESTful web service.
JAX-RS可以直接通过JAXB来创建XML和JSON的输出。
JAXB是Java对xml的实现。
2.1 创建叫jersey2的Dynamic Web Project,导入jersey库。
2.2 创建一个对象,这里注意下,加上@XmlRootElement就可以了。
[java] view plain copy- package sample;
- import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
- @XmlRootElement
- public class Todo {
- private String summary;
- private String description;
- public String getSummary() {
- return summary;
- }
- public void setSummary(String summary) {
- this.summary = summary;
- }
- public String getDescription() {
- return description;
- }
- public void setDescription(String description) {
- this.description = description;
- }
- }
2.3 创建一个class来调用jersey
[java] view plain copy- package sample;
- import javax.ws.rs.GET;
- import javax.ws.rs.Path;
- import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
- @Path("/todo")
- public class TodoResource {
- // This method is called if XMLis request
- @GET
- @Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
- public Todo getXML() {
- Todo todo = new Todo();
- todo.setSummary("This is my first todo");
- todo.setDescription("This is my first todo");
- return todo;
- }
- // This can be used to test the integration with the browser
- @GET
- @Produces({ MediaType.TEXT_XML })
- public Todo getHTML() {
- Todo todo = new Todo();
- todo.setSummary("This is my first todo");
- todo.setDescription("This is my first todo");
- return todo;
- }
- }
2.4 web.xml文件
[html] view plain copy- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
- id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
- <display-name>sample</display-name>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>Jersey REST Service</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>com.sun.jersey.config.property.packages</param-name>
- <param-value>sample</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>Jersey REST Service</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
2.5 部署项目,然后通过浏览器来测试
输入url: http://localhost:8080/jersey2/rest/todo
可以看到RESTful web service的输出:
为了更清楚一点,我用Chrome浏览器的Postman来测试一下,这是一个RESTful的客户端。
小结:
可以看到在Java中,可以通过JAX-RS+JAXB非常方便的实现RESTful web service。
直接在对象中定义url以及get,post,put,delete等方法就行了。
本文转自http://blog.csdn.net/starshus/article/details/22644249,所有权力归原作者所有。