Jersey系列文章:
Jersey框架一:Jersey RESTful WebService框架简介
Jersey框架二:Jersey对JSON的支持
Jersey框架三:Jersey对HTTPS的支持
开发RESTful WebService意味着支持在多种媒体类型以及抽象底层的客户端-服务器通信细节,如果没有一个好的工具包可用,这将是一个困难的任务
为了简化使用Java开发RESTful WebService及其客户端,一个轻量级的标准被提出:JAX-RS API
Jersey RESTful WebService框架是一个开源的、产品级别的JAVA框架,支持JAX-RS API并且是一个JAX-RS(JSR 311和 JSR 339)的参考实现
Jersey不仅仅是一个JAX-RS的参考实现,Jersey提供自己的API,其API继承自JAX-RS,提供更多的特性和功能以进一步简化RESTful service和客户端的开发
Maven版本:3.1.0
Jersey版本:1.18
JDK版本:1.7.0_65
一,服务端
Maven配置如下:
[html] view plain copy- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
- http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>JERSEY_SERVER</groupId>
- <artifactId>JERSEY_SERVER</artifactId>
- <version>1.0</version>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
- <artifactId>jersey-server</artifactId>
- <version>1.18</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
- <artifactId>jersey-grizzly2</artifactId>
- <version>1.18</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </project>
首先介绍几个注解:
@Path
用来为资源类或方法定义URI,当然除了静态URI也支持动态URI
[java] view plain copy- @Path("service")
- public class MyResource {
- @Path("{sub_path}")
- @GET
- public String getResource(@PathParam("sub_path") String resourceName) {
- ......
如果此时客户端请求的URI为http://127.0.0.1:10000/service/sean,则sub_path的值为sean
@PathParam用来将请求URI的一部分作为方法参数传入方法中
对URI的动态部分,可以自定义校验正则表达式,如果请求参数校验失败,容器返回404 Not Found
[java] view plain copy- @Path("{sub_path:[A-Z]*}")
@GET
表明被注解的方法响应HTTP GET请求,@POST、@PUT和@DELETE同理
@Consumes
定义请求的媒体类型,如果不指定,则容器默认可接受任意媒体类型,容器负责确认被调用的方法可接受HTTP请求的媒体类型,否则返回415 Unsupported Media Type
方法级注解将覆盖类级注解
@Produces
定义响应媒体类型,如果不指定,则容器默认可接受任意媒体类型,容器负责确认被调用的方法可返回HTTP请求可以接受媒体类型,否则返回406 Not Acceptable
方法级注解将覆盖类级注解
@QueryParam
[java] view plain copy- public String getResource(
- @DefaultValue("Just a test!") @QueryParam("desc") String description) {
- ......
- }
如果请求URI中包含desc参数,例如:http://127.0.0.1:10000/service/sean?desc=123456,则desc参数的值将会赋给方法的参数description,否则方法参数description的值将为@DefaultValue注解定义的默认值
@Context
将信息注入请求或响应相关的类,可注入的类有:Application,UriInfo,Request,HttpHeaders和SecurityContext
@Singleton和@PerRequest
默认情况下,资源类的生命周期是per-request,也就是系统会为每个匹配资源类URI的请求创建一个实例,这样的效率很低,可以对资源类使用@Singleton注解,这样在应用范围内,只会创建资源类的一个实例
服务端程序如下:
[java] view plain copy- package com.sean;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.URI;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
- import javax.ws.rs.DefaultValue;
- import javax.ws.rs.GET;
- import javax.ws.rs.Path;
- import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
- import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
- import javax.ws.rs.QueryParam;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.Request;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.UriBuilder;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;
- import org.glassfish.grizzly.http.server.HttpServer;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.container.grizzly2.GrizzlyServerFactory;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.core.PackagesResourceConfig;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.core.ResourceConfig;
- import com.sun.jersey.spi.resource.Singleton;
- @Singleton
- @Path("service")
- public class MyResource {
- @Path("{sub_path:[a-zA-Z0-9]*}")
- @GET
- @Consumes({MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON})
- @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
- public String getResourceName(
- @PathParam("sub_path") String resourceName,
- @DefaultValue("Just a test!") @QueryParam("desc") String description,
- @Context Request request,
- @Context UriInfo uriInfo,
- @Context HttpHeaders httpHeader) {
- System.out.println(this.hashCode());
- // 将HTTP请求打印出来
- System.out.println("****** HTTP request ******");
- StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
- strBuilder.append(request.getMethod() + " ");
- strBuilder.append(uriInfo.getRequestUri().toString() + " ");
- strBuilder.append("HTTP/1.1[\\r\\n]");
- System.out.println(strBuilder.toString());
- MultivaluedMap<String, String> headers = httpHeader.getRequestHeaders();
- Iterator<String> iterator = headers.keySet().iterator();
- while(iterator.hasNext()){
- String headName = iterator.next();
- System.out.println(headName + ":" + headers.get(headName) + "[\\r\\n]");
- }
- System.out.println("[\\r\\n]");
- String responseStr =resourceName + "[" + description + "]";
- return responseStr;
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- URI uri = UriBuilder.fromUri("http://127.0.0.1").port(10000).build();
- ResourceConfig rc = new PackagesResourceConfig("com.sean");
- try {
- HttpServer server = GrizzlyServerFactory.createHttpServer(uri, rc);
- server.start();
- } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (NullPointerException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000*1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
二,客户端
Maven配置如下:
[html] view plain copy- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
- http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>JERSEY_CLIENT</groupId>
- <artifactId>JERSEY_CLIENT</artifactId>
- <version>1.0</version>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
- <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
- <version>1.18</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
- <artifactId>jersey-grizzly2</artifactId>
- <version>1.18</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </project>
客户端程序如下:
[java] view plain copy- package com.sean;
- import java.net.URI;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
- import javax.ws.rs.core.UriBuilder;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientResponse;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.WebResource;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.config.ClientConfig;
- import com.sun.jersey.api.client.config.DefaultClientConfig;
- public class JerseyClient {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 要使用Jersey Client API,必须首先创建Client的实例
- // 有以下两种创建Client实例的方式
- // 方式一
- ClientConfig cc = new DefaultClientConfig();
- cc.getProperties().put(ClientConfig.PROPERTY_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 10*1000);
- // Client实例很消耗系统资源,需要重用
- // 创建web资源,创建请求,接受响应都是线程安全的
- // 所以Client实例和WebResource实例可以在多个线程间安全的共享
- Client client = Client.create(cc);
- // 方式二
- // Client client = Client.create();
- // client.setConnectTimeout(10*1000);
- // client.getProperties().put(ClientConfig.PROPERTY_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 10*1000);
- // WebResource将会继承Client中timeout的配置
- WebResource resource = client.resource("http://127.0.0.1:10000/service/sean?desc=description");
- String str = resource
- .accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
- .type(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
- .get(String.class);
- System.out.println("String:" + str);
- URI uri = UriBuilder.fromUri("http://127.0.0.1/service/sean").port(10000)
- .queryParam("desc", "description").build();
- resource = client.resource(uri);
- //header方法可用来添加HTTP头
- ClientResponse response = resource.header("auth", "123456")
- .accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
- .type(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
- .get(ClientResponse.class);
- // 将HTTP响应打印出来
- System.out.println("****** HTTP response ******");
- StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
- strBuilder.append("HTTP/1.1 ");
- strBuilder.append(response.getStatus() + " ");
- strBuilder.append(response.getStatusInfo() + "[\\r\\n]");
- System.out.println(strBuilder.toString());
- MultivaluedMap<String, String> headers = response.getHeaders();
- Iterator<String> iterator = headers.keySet().iterator();
- while(iterator.hasNext()){
- String headName = iterator.next();
- System.out.println(headName + ":" + headers.get(headName) + "[\\r\\n]");
- }
- System.out.println("[\\r\\n]");
- System.out.println(response.getEntity(String.class) + "[\\r\\n]");
- }
- }
服务端日志如下:
[plain] view plain copy- 二月 06, 2015 4:33:33 下午 com.sun.jersey.api.core.PackagesResourceConfig init
- INFO: Scanning for root resource and provider classes in the packages:
- com.sean
- 二月 06, 2015 4:33:33 下午 com.sun.jersey.api.core.ScanningResourceConfig logClasses
- INFO: Root resource classes found:
- class com.sean.Test
- class com.sean.MyResource
- 二月 06, 2015 4:33:33 下午 com.sun.jersey.api.core.ScanningResourceConfig init
- INFO: No provider classes found.
- 二月 06, 2015 4:33:33 下午 com.sun.jersey.server.impl.application.WebApplicationImpl _initiate
- INFO: Initiating Jersey application, version 'Jersey: 1.18 11/22/2013 01:21 AM'
- 二月 06, 2015 4:33:34 下午 org.glassfish.grizzly.http.server.NetworkListener start
- INFO: Started listener bound to [127.0.0.1:10000]
- 二月 06, 2015 4:33:34 下午 org.glassfish.grizzly.http.server.HttpServer start
- INFO: [HttpServer] Started.
- 1814260800
- ****** HTTP request ******
- GET http://127.0.0.1:10000/service/sean?desc=description HTTP/1.1[\r\n]
- accept:[text/plain][\r\n]
- content-type:[text/plain][\r\n]
- user-agent:[Java/1.7.0_65][\r\n]
- host:[127.0.0.1:10000][\r\n]
- connection:[keep-alive][\r\n]
- [\r\n]
- 1814260800
- ****** HTTP request ******
- GET http://127.0.0.1:10000/service/sean?desc=description HTTP/1.1[\r\n]
- auth:[123456][\r\n]
- accept:[text/plain][\r\n]
- content-type:[text/plain][\r\n]
- user-agent:[Java/1.7.0_65][\r\n]
- host:[127.0.0.1:10000][\r\n]
- connection:[keep-alive][\r\n]
- [\r\n]
客户端日志如下:
[plain] view plain copy- String:sean[description]
- ****** HTTP response ******
- HTTP/1.1 200 OK[\r\n]
- Transfer-Encoding:[chunked][\r\n]
- Date:[Fri, 06 Feb 2015 08:33:38 GMT][\r\n]
- Content-Type:[text/plain][\r\n]
- [\r\n]
- sean[description][\r\n]