Python程序执行 py文件：直接提供源码，需要使用者自行安装Python并且安装依赖的各种库 pyc文件：pyc文件是Python解释器可以识别的二进制码，是跨平台的，需要使用者安装相应版本的Py
Python程序执行
- py文件：直接提供源码，需要使用者自行安装Python并且安装依赖的各种库
- pyc文件：pyc文件是Python解释器可以识别的二进制码，是跨平台的，需要使用者安装相应版本的Python和依赖库
- 可执行文件：对于非码农用户或者一些小白用户，你让他装个Python同时还要折腾一堆依赖库，那简直是个灾难。对于此类用户，最简单的方式就是提供一个可执行文件，只需要把用法告诉Ta即可。比较麻烦的是需要针对不同平台需要打包不同的可执行文件（Windows,Linux,Mac,…）
各种打包工具对比参考文章:Freezing Your Code
pyInstaller 官方地址
PyInstaller freezes (packages) Python applications into stand-alone executables, under Windows, GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, Solaris and AIX.
可以执行pip命令进行安装
pip install pyinstaller
打包python脚本
例如我想将send_msg.py打包成单一文件，执行pyinstaller -F send_msg.py即可
E:\Programs\Python\Tools>pyinstaller -F send_msg.py 79 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.4 79 INFO: Python: 3.7.2 80 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.10240-SP0 80 INFO: wrote E:\Programs\Python\Tools\send_msg.spec 82 INFO: UPX is not available. 83 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths [‘E:\\Programs\\Python\\Tools‘, ‘E:\\Programs\\Python\\Tools‘] 83 INFO: checking Analysis 83 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent 83 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph... 85 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks... 86 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ... 4458 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc 4523 INFO: Adding Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls to dependent assemblies of final executable required by c:\python37\python.exe 5295 INFO: Caching module hooks... 5299 INFO: Analyzing E:\Programs\Python\Tools\send_msg.py 5854 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook urllib3.packages.six.moves 7045 INFO: Loading module hooks... 7045 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"... 7108 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"... 7109 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-selenium.py"... 7114 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.dom.domreg.py"... 7114 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"... 7126 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs 7132 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ... 7139 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries 8099 INFO: Looking for eggs 8100 INFO: Using Python library c:\python37\python37.dll 8101 INFO: Found binding redirects: [] 8105 INFO: Warnings written to E:\Programs\Python\Tools\build\send_msg\warn-send_msg.txt 8150 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to E:\Programs\Python\Tools\build\send_msg\xref-send_msg.html 8167 INFO: checking PYZ 8167 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent 8167 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) E:\Programs\Python\Tools\build\send_msg\PYZ-00.pyz 8727 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) E:\Programs\Python\Tools\build\send_msg\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully. 8734 INFO: checking PKG 8734 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent 8734 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg 10524 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully. 10527 INFO: Bootloader c:\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe 10527 INFO: checking EXE 10528 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent 10528 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc 10528 INFO: Appending archive to EXE E:\Programs\Python\Tools\dist\send_msg.exe 10536 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
执行完，目录中内容如图所示：
打开dist文件就可找到可执行文件了
pyinstaller --help
E:\Programs\Python\Tools>pyinstaller --help usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME] [--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR] [--hidden-import MODULENAME] [--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH] [--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES] [--key KEY] [-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]] [-s] [--noupx] [-c] [-w] [-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>] [--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE] [--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies] [--win-no-prefer-redirects] [--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER] [--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals] [--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y] [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL] scriptname [scriptname ...] positional arguments: scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one .spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options are unnecessary and are ignored. optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --version Show program version info and exit. --distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist) --workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz and etc. (default: .\build) -y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default: SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for confirmation --upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution path) -a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default: included if available) --clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files before building. --log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, CRITICAL (default: INFO). What to generate: -D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable (default) -F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable. --specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default: current directory) -n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file (default: first script‘s basename) What to bundle, where to search: --add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to the executable. The path separator is platform specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option can be used multiple times. --add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional binary files to be added to the executable. See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This option can be used multiple times. -p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH). Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ‘;‘, or use this option multiple times --hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times. --additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH An additional path to search for hooks. This option can be used multiple times. --runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is code that is bundled with the executable and is executed before any other code or module to set up special features of the runtime environment. This option can be used multiple times. --exclude-module EXCLUDES Optional module or package (the Python name, not the path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not found). This option can be used multiple times. --key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode. How to generate: -d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}], --debug [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}] Provide assistance with debugging a frozen application, by specifying one or more of the following choices. - all: All three of the below options; this is the default choice, unless one of the choices below is specified. - imports: specify the -v option to the underlying Python interpreter, causing it to print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. See https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4. - bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress messages while initializing and starting the bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with missing imports. - noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python source files as an archive inside the resulting executable, store them as files in the resulting output directory. -s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and shared libs (not recommended for Windows) --noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works differently between Windows and *nix) Windows and Mac OS X specific options: -c, --console, --nowindowed Open a console window for standard i/o (default) -w, --windowed, --noconsole Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers building an OS X .app bundle. This option is ignored in *NIX systems. -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns> FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable. FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe. FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS X Windows specific options: --version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML> add manifest FILE or XML to the exe -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The RESOURCE is one to four items, FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources from FILE will be added/updated to the final executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or specified as wildcard *.This option can be used multiple times. --uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will request elevation upon application restart. --uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to work with Remote Desktop. Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced): --win-private-assemblies Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means the exact versions of these assemblies will always be used, and any newer versions installed on user machines at the system level will be ignored. --win-no-prefer-redirects While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer not to follow policies that redirect to newer versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of the assembly. Mac OS X specific options: --osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default unique program name for code signing purposes. The usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS notation. For example: com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first script‘s basename) Rarely used special options: --runtime-tmpdir PATH Where to extract libraries and support files in `onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder will be created here. Please use this option only if you know what you are doing. --bootloader-ignore-signals Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than forwarding them to the child process. Useful in situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process group) to avoid signalling the child twice.
然后将如下文件夹整包放到其他机器上即可运行 注意：一定要将所需的第三方库或模块或者应用程序一起，例如如下程序用到了chromedriver.exe 在打完包后我又将chromedriver.exe放到了dist文件夹下，一起发送到了要运行该程序的机器中