CentOS 7.6下yum安装MySQL 8.0版本图文教程

MySQL的最新版是8.0.x版本，与5.x版本相比，不仅仅快了很多，而且还带来了大量的更新和更快的性能，在读写工作负载，IO密集型工作负载中有着更加强劲的性能，使用了utf-8mb4作为默认字符集，同时增强了安全性。

1、首先安装rpm, 一个相当于加速的东西。

# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm

如有错误，见本文下面评论栏

2、列出CentOS 7.6当前支持的MySQL数据库，如下面所示

# yum repolist all | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community        启用:    118
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sour 禁用
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community            启用:    95
mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source    禁用
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64        MySQL Tools Preview              禁用
mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source      禁用
mysql55-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.5 Community Server        禁用
mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sour 禁用
mysql56-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.6 Community Server        禁用
mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sour 禁用
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server        启用:    364
mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - Sour 禁用
mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server        禁用
mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - Sour 禁用

从上面可以看出，会默认下载5.7版本的MySQL数据库，而8.0版本的默认是关闭的，先把5.7的禁用，启用MySQL 8.0数据库。

3、打开文件, 修改设置

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

输入命令后显示如下代码，每一个模块代表一个版本数据库。

其中可以看到5.7版本, enabled=1, 改为enabled=0, 禁用掉
另外可以看到8.0版本, enabled=0, 改为enabled=1, 开启

[mysql-connectors-community]
name=MySQL Connectors Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-connectors-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-community]
name=MySQL Tools Community
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

[mysql-tools-preview]
name=MySQL Tools Preview
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-tools-preview/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

4、修改完之后查看可以用的MySQL版本

# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                118
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      95
mysql80-community/x86_64          MySQL 8.0 Community Server                129

5、看到有MySQL 8.0版本之后，就可以正式开始安装MySQL了。

# yum install -y mysql-community-server

6、完成后启动MySQL

# systemctl start mysqld

7、查看MySQL启动状态

# systemctl status mysqld

8、 MySQL安装完成之后会在LOG文件( /var/log/mysqld.log)中生成一个默认的临时密码，可根据自己的实际情况修改(冒号后面为旧密码)。

2019-08-24T05:32:58.277335Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server in progress as process 58121
2019-08-24T05:33:04.727785Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: jb_klPPYe12W
2019-08-24T05:33:06.400398Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) initializing of server has completed
2019-08-24T05:33:09.808077Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.17) starting as process 58170
2019-08-24T05:33:12.378185Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2019-08-24T05:33:12.428422Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.17'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.
2019-08-24T05:33:12.522176Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock' bind-address: '::' port: 33060

9、登录MySQL并修改root密码

mysql -uroot -p

mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Linuxidc.com@123';

这里的Linuxidc.com@123 为新密码。

新密码强度默认为中等，需要同时有大小写字母、数字、特殊符号，只有修改成功后才能修改配置再设置更简单的密码，具体见 https://www.558idc.com/Linux/2019-08/160317.htm 。