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python3.6.5基于kerberos认证的hive和hdfs连接调用方式

来源:互联网 收集:自由互联 发布时间:2021-04-09
1. Kerberos是一种计算机网络授权协议,用来在非安全网络中,对个人通信以安全的手段进行身份认证。具体请查阅官网 2. 需要安装的包(基于centos) yum install libsasl2-devyum install gcc-c++

1. Kerberos是一种计算机网络授权协议,用来在非安全网络中,对个人通信以安全的手段进行身份认证。具体请查阅官网

2. 需要安装的包(基于centos)

yum install libsasl2-dev
yum install gcc-c++ python-devel.x86_64 cyrus-sasl-devel.x86_64
yum install python-devel 
yum install krb5-devel
yum install python-krbV
 
pip install krbcontext==0.9
pip install thrift==0.9.3
pip install thrift-sasl==0.2.1
pip install impyla==0.14.1
pip install hdfs[kerberos]
pip install pykerberos==1.2.1

3. /etc/krb5.conf 配置, 在这个文件里配置你服务器所在的域

4./etc/hosts 配置, 配置集群机器和域所在机器

5. 通过kinit 生成 ccache_file或者keytab_file

6. 连接hive代码如下

import os
from impala.dbapi import connect
from krbcontext import krbcontext
keytab_path = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + '/xxx.keytab'
principal = 'xxx'
with krbcontext(using_keytab=True,principal=principal,keytab_file=keytab_path):
 conn = connect(host=ip, port=10000, auth_mechanism='GSSAPI', kerberos_service_name='hive')
 cursor = conn.cursor()
 cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM default.books')
 for row in cursor:
  print(row)

7. 连接hdfs代码如下

from hdfs.ext.kerberos import KerberosClient
from krbcontext import krbcontext
 
hdfs_url = 'http://' + host + ':' + port
data = self._get_keytab(sso_ticket)
self._save_keytab(data)
with krbcontext(using_keytab=True, keytab_file=self.keytab_file, principal=self.user):
 self.client = KerberosClient(hdfs_url)
 self.client._list_status(path).json()['FileStatuses']['FileStatus'] #获取path下文件及文件夹

8. 注:krbcontext这个包官方说支持python2,但是python3也能用

这个hdfs_url 一定要带"http://"不然会报错

9. 我新增了一些配置文件配置,具体的操作如下

python3.6.5基于kerberos认证的hdfs,hive连接调用(含基础环境配置)

1需要准备的环境

yum包(需要先装yum包,再装python包,不然会有问题)

 yum install openldap-clients -y
 yum install krb5-workstation krb5-libs -y
 yum install gcc-c++ python-devel.x86_64 cyrus-sasl-devel.x86_64
 yum install python-devel 
 yum install krb5-devel
 yum install python-krbV
 yum install cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl-devel cyrus-sasl-gssapi

python包安装(pip或pip3,请根据实际情况选择)

 pip install krbcontext==0.9
 pip install thrift==0.9.3
 pip install thrift-sasl==0.2.1
 pip install impyla==0.14.1
 pip install hdfs[kerberos]
 pip install pykerberos==1.2.1

配置/etc/hosts文件(需要把大数据平台的机器和域名进行配置)

10.xxx.xxx.xxx name-1 panel.test.com
10.xxx.xxx.xxx name-1

配置/etc/krb5.conf(具体查看kerberos服务配置中心)

参考配置(仅供参考,具体更具自己实际配置修改)

[libdefaults]
  renew_lifetime = 9d
  forwardable = true
  default_realm = PANEL.COM
  ticket_lifetime = 24h
  dns_lookup_realm = false
  dns_lookup_kdc = false
  default_ccache_name = /tmp/krb5cc_%{uid}
 [logging]
  default = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
  admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind1.log
  kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc1.log
 [realms]
  PANEL.COM = {
  admin_server = panel.test1.com
  kdc = panel.test1.com
  }

连接代码:

hdfs:

import json, os
from hdfs.ext.kerberos import KerberosClient
from krbcontext import krbcontext
 
 def _connect(self, host, port, sso_ticket=None):
  try:
   hdfs_url = 'http://' + host + ':' + port
   active_str = 'kinit -kt {0} {1}'.format(self.keytab_file, self.user)
   # 激活当前kerberos用户认证,因为python缓存机制,切换用户,这个缓存不会自动切换,需要手动处理下
   os.system(active_str)
   with krbcontext(using_keytab=True, keytab_file=self.keytab_file, principal=self.user):
    self.client = KerberosClient(hdfs_url)
  except Exception as e:
   raise e

hive

import os
from krbcontext import krbcontext
from impala.dbapi import connect
from auto_model_platform.settings import config

 def _connect(self, host, port, sso_ticket=None):
  try:
   active_str = 'kinit -kt {0} {1}'.format(self.keytab_file, self.user)
   # 同hdfs
   os.system(active_str)
   with krbcontext(using_keytab=True, principal=self.user, keytab_file=self.keytab_file):
    self.conn = connect(host=host, port=port, auth_mechanism='GSSAPI', kerberos_service_name='hive')
    self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
  except Exception as e:
   raise e

总结

我在做的时候也遇到很多坑,其实在这个需要理解其中原理,比如kerberos的机制和对应命令

如果是做基础平台用,用多用户切换的情况,建议不要用python,因为一点都不友好,官方包问题很多,我都改用java的jdbc去操作hdfs和hive了

如果只是自己测试和和做算法研究,还是可以用的,因为这个代码简单,容易实现

补充

kinit命令

kinit -kt xxxx.keytab #激活xxxx用户当前缓存
kinit list #查看当前缓存用户

以上这篇python3.6.5基于kerberos认证的hive和hdfs连接调用方式就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持易盾网络。

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