Python reques接口测试框架实现代码

一、框架菜单

1.1 common模块

1.2 其他

二、Excel接口测试案例编写

三、读取Excel测试封装（核心封装）

excel_utils.py 读取Excel中的数据

import os
import xlrd  #内置模块、第三方模块pip install 自定义模块


class ExcelUtils():
  def __init__(self,file_path,sheet_name):
    self.file_path = file_path
    self.sheet_name = sheet_name
    self.sheet = self.get_sheet() # 整个表格对象

  def get_sheet(self):
    wb = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_path)
    sheet = wb.sheet_by_name(self.sheet_name)
    return sheet

  def get_row_count(self):
    row_count = self.sheet.nrows
    return row_count

  def get_col_count(self):
    col_count = self.sheet.ncols
    return col_count

  def __get_cell_value(self,row_index, col_index):
    cell_value = self.sheet.cell_value(row_index,col_index)
    return cell_value

  def get_merged_info(self):
    merged_info = self.sheet.merged_cells
    return merged_info

  def get_merged_cell_value(self,row_index, col_index):
    """既能获取普通单元格的数据又能获取合并单元格数据"""
    cell_value = None
    for (rlow, rhigh, clow, chigh) in self.get_merged_info():
      if (row_index >= rlow and row_index < rhigh):
        if (col_index >= clow and col_index < chigh):
          cell_value = self.__get_cell_value(rlow, clow)
          break; # 防止循环去进行判断出现值覆盖的情况
        else:
          cell_value = self.__get_cell_value(row_index, col_index)
      else:
        cell_value = self.__get_cell_value(row_index, col_index)
    return cell_value

  def get_sheet_data_by_dict(self):
    all_data_list = []
    first_row = self.sheet.row(0) #获取首行数据
    for row in range(1, self.get_row_count()):
      row_dict = {}
      for col in range(0, self.get_col_count()):
        row_dict[first_row[col].value] = self.get_merged_cell_value(row, col)
      all_data_list.append(row_dict)
    return all_data_list

if __name__=='__main__':
  current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
  excel_path = os.path.join( current_path,'..','samples/data/test_case.xlsx' )
  excelUtils = ExcelUtils(excel_path,"Sheet1")
  for row in excelUtils.get_sheet_data_by_dict():
    print( row )

import os
from common.excel_utils import ExcelUtils
from common.config_utils import config

current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
test_data_path = os.path.join( current_path,'..', config.CASE_DATA_PATH )

class TestdataUtils():
  def __init__(self,test_data_path = test_data_path):
    self.test_data_path = test_data_path
    self.test_data = ExcelUtils(test_data_path,"Sheet1").get_sheet_data_by_dict()
    self.test_data_by_mysql = SqlUtils().get_mysql_test_case_info()


  def __get_testcase_data_dict(self):
    testcase_dict = {}
    for row_data in self.test_data:
      testcase_dict.setdefault( row_data['测试用例编号'],[] ).append( row_data )
    return testcase_dict

  def def_testcase_data_list(self):
    testcase_list = []
    for k,v in self.__get_testcase_data_dict().items():
      one_case_dict = {}
      one_case_dict["case_id"] = k
      one_case_dict["case_info"] = v
      testcase_list.append( one_case_dict )
    return testcase_list


if __name__=="__main__":
  testdataUtils = TestdataUtils()
  for i in testdataUtils.def_testcase_data_list():
    print( i )

testdata_utils.py 读取Excel中的数据后处理成需要的数据

四、request封装（核心封装）

requests_utils.py 包含post请求，get请求，异常，调用断言

import ast
import re
import requests
import jsonpath
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
from requests.exceptions import ProxyError
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
from common.config_utils import config
from common.check_utils import CheckUtils

class RequestsUtils():
  def __init__(self):
    self.hosts = config.hosts
    self.headers = {"ContentType":"application/json;charset=utf-8"}
    self.session = requests.session()
    self.temp_variables = {}

  def __get(self,get_info):
    try:
      url = self.hosts + get_info["请求地址"]
      response = self.session.get( url = url,
                     params = ast.literal_eval(get_info["请求参数(get)"])
                     )
      response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
      if get_info["取值方式"] == "json取值":
        value = jsonpath.jsonpath( response.json(),get_info["取值代码"] )[0]
        self.temp_variables[ get_info["传值变量"] ] = value
      elif get_info["取值方式"] == "正则取值":
        value = re.findall(get_info["取值代码"],response.text)[0]
        self.temp_variables[get_info["传值变量"]] = value
      result = CheckUtils(response).run_check(get_info['期望结果类型'], get_info['期望结果'])
    except ProxyError as e:
      result = {'code': 4, 'result': '[%s]请求：代理错误异常' % (get_info["接口名称"])}
    except ConnectionError as e:
      result = {'code': 4, 'result': '[%s]请求：连接超时异常' % (get_info["接口名称"])}
    except RequestException as e:
      result = {'code': 4, 'result': '[%s]请求：Request异常，原因：%s' % (get_info["接口名称"], e.__str__())}
    except Exception as e:
      result = {'code':4,'result':'[%s]请求：系统异常，原因：%s'%(get_info["接口名称"],e.__str__())}
    return result

  def __post(self,post_info):
    try:
      url = self.hosts + post_info["请求地址"]
      response = self.session.post( url = url,
                     headers = self.headers,
                     params = ast.literal_eval(post_info["请求参数(get)"]),
                    # data = post_infos["提交数据（post）"],
                     json=ast.literal_eval(post_info["提交数据（post）"])
                    )
      response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
      if post_info["取值方式"] == "json取值":
        value = jsonpath.jsonpath( response.json(),post_info["取值代码"] )[0]
        self.temp_variables[ post_info["传值变量"] ] = value
      elif post_info["取值方式"] == "正则取值":
        value = re.findall(post_info["取值代码"],response.text)[0]
        self.temp_variables[post_info["传值变量"]] = value
      #调用CheckUtils()
      result = CheckUtils(response).run_check(post_info['期望结果类型'],post_info['期望结果'])
    except ProxyError as e:
      result = {'code': 4, 'result': '[%s]请求：代理错误异常' % (post_info["接口名称"])}
    except ConnectionError as e:
      result = {'code': 4, 'result': '[%s]请求：连接超时异常' % (post_info["接口名称"])}
    except RequestException as e:
      result = {'code': 4, 'result': '[%s]请求：Request异常，原因：%s' % (post_info["接口名称"], e.__str__())}
    except Exception as e:
      result = {'code':4,'result':'[%s]请求：系统异常，原因：%s'%(post_info["接口名称"],e.__str__())}
    return result

  def request(self,step_info):
    try:
      request_type = step_info["请求方式"]
      param_variable_list = re.findall('\\${\w+}', step_info["请求参数(get)"])
      if param_variable_list:
        for param_variable in param_variable_list:
          step_info["请求参数(get)"] = step_info["请求参数(get)"]\
            .replace(param_variable,'"%s"' % self.temp_variables.get(param_variable[2:-1]))
      if request_type == "get":
        result = self.__get( step_info )
      elif request_type == "post":
        data_variable_list = re.findall('\\${\w+}', step_info["提交数据（post）"])
        if data_variable_list:
          for param_variable in data_variable_list:
            step_info["提交数据（post）"] = step_info["提交数据（post）"] \
              .replace(param_variable, '"%s"' % self.temp_variables.get(param_variable[2:-1]))
        result = self.__post( step_info )
      else:
        result = {'code':1,'result':'请求方式不支持'}
    except Exception as e:
      result = {'code':4,'result':'用例编号[%s]的[%s]步骤出现系统异常，原因：%s'%(step_info['测试用例编号'],step_info["测试用例步骤"],e.__str__())}
    return result

  def request_by_step(self,step_infos):
    self.temp_variables = {}
    for step_info in step_infos:
      temp_result = self.request( step_info )
      # print( temp_result )
      if temp_result['code']!=0:
        break
    return temp_result


if __name__=="__main__":

  case_info = [
    {'请求方式': 'get', '请求地址': '/cgi-bin/token', '请求参数(get)': '{"grant_type":"client_credential","appid":"wxXXXXXxc16","secret":"XXXXXXXX"}', '提交数据（post）': '', '取值方式': 'json取值', '传值变量': 'token', '取值代码': '$.access_token', '期望结果类型': '正则匹配', '期望结果': '{"access_token":"(.+?)","expires_in":(.+?)}'},
    {'请求方式': 'post', '请求地址': '/cgi-bin/tags/create', '请求参数(get)': '{"access_token":${token}}', '提交数据（post）': '{"tag" : {"name" : "衡东"}}','取值方式': '无', '传值变量': '', '取值代码': '', '期望结果类型': '正则匹配', '期望结果': '{"tag":{"id":(.+?),"name":"衡东"}}'}
  ]
  RequestsUtils().request_by_step(case_info)

五、断言封装（核心封装）

check_utils.py 断言封装，与实际结果核对

import re
import ast

class CheckUtils():
  def __init__(self,check_response=None):
    self.ck_response=check_response
    self.ck_rules = {
      '无': self.no_check,
      'json键是否存在': self.check_key,
      'json键值对': self.check_keyvalue,
      '正则匹配': self.check_regexp
    }
    self.pass_result = {
      'code': 0,
      'response_reason': self.ck_response.reason,
      'response_code': self.ck_response.status_code,
      'response_headers': self.ck_response.headers,
      'response_body': self.ck_response.text,
      'check_result': True,
      'message': '' # 扩招作为日志输出等
    }
    self.fail_result = {
      'code': 2,
      'response_reason': self.ck_response.reason,
      'response_code': self.ck_response.status_code,
      'response_headers': self.ck_response.headers,
      'response_body': self.ck_response.text,
      'check_result': False,
      'message': '' # 扩招作为日志输出等
    }


  def no_check(self):
    return self.pass_result


  def check_key(self,check_data=None):
    check_data_list = check_data.split(',')  #把需要判断的值做切割，取出键值
    res_list = [] #存放每次比较的结果
    wrong_key = [] #存放比较失败key
    for check_data in check_data_list:  #把切割的键值和取出响应结果中的所有的键一个一个对比
      if check_data in self.ck_response.json().keys():
        res_list.append(self.pass_result )
      else:
        res_list.append( self.fail_result )
        wrong_key.append(check_data)   #把失败的键放进来，便于后续日志输出
    # print(res_list)
    # print(wrong_key)
    if self.fail_result in res_list:
      return self.fail_result
    else:
      return self.pass_result

  def check_keyvalue(self,check_data=None):
    res_list = [] # 存放每次比较的结果
    wrong_items = [] # 存放比较失败 items
    for check_item in ast.literal_eval(check_data).items(): #literal_eval()安全性的把字符串转成字典，items（）取出键值对
      if check_item in self.ck_response.json().items():
        res_list.append( self.pass_result )
      else:
        res_list.append( self.fail_result )
        wrong_items.append(check_item)
    # print( res_list )
    # print( wrong_items )

    if self.fail_result in res_list:
      return self.fail_result
    else:
      return self.pass_result

  def check_regexp(self,check_data=None):
    pattern = re.compile(check_data)
    if re.findall(pattern=pattern,string=self.ck_response.text): #匹配到了，不为空，为true
      return self.pass_result
    else:
      return self.fail_result

  def run_check(self,check_type=None,check_data=None):
    code = self.ck_response.status_code
    if code == 200:
      if check_type in self.ck_rules.keys():
        result=self.ck_rules[check_type](check_data)
        return result
      else:
        self.fail_result['message'] = '不支持%s判断方法'%check_type
        return self.fail_result
    else:
      self.fail_result['message'] = '请求的响应状态码非%s'%str(code)
      return self.fail_result




if __name__=="__main__":
  # 检查键是否存在,{"access_token":"hello","expires_":7200} 设为响应结果,"access_token,expires_in" 为检查对象值
  CheckUtils({"access_token":"hello","expires_":7200}).check_key("access_token,expires_in")
  #检查键值对是否存在
  CheckUtils({"access_token":"hello","expires_i":7200}).check_keyvalue('{"expires_in": 7200}')
  #正则对比
  #TURE
  print(CheckUtils('{"access_token":"hello","expires_in":7200}').check_regexp('"expires_in":(.+?)'))
  #False
  print(CheckUtils('{"access_token":"hello","expires":7200}').check_regexp('"expires_in":(.+?)'))

六、api_testcase下的api_test.py 封装

import warnings
import unittest
import paramunittest
from common.testdata_utils import TestdataUtils
from common.requests_utils import RequestsUtils

#如果是mysql数据源的话切换成 def_testcase_data_list_by_mysql()  exccel数据源：def_testcase_data_list()

case_infos = TestdataUtils().def_testcase_data_list_by_mysql()

@paramunittest.parametrized(
  *case_infos
)

class APITest(paramunittest.ParametrizedTestCase):
  def setUp(self) -> None:
    warnings.simplefilter('ignore', ResourceWarning) #不会弹出警告提示

  def setParameters(self, case_id, case_info):
    self.case_id = case_id
    self.case_info = case_info

  def test_api_common_function(self):
    '''测试描述'''
    self._testMethodName = self.case_info[0].get("测试用例编号")
    self._testMethodDoc = self.case_info[0].get("测试用例名称")
    actual_result = RequestsUtils().request_by_step(self.case_info)
    self.assertTrue( actual_result.get('check_result'),actual_result.get('message') )

if __name__ == '__main__':
  unittest.main()

七、common下的log_utils.py 封装

import os
import logging
import time
from common.config_utils import config

current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
log_output_path = os.path.join( current_path,'..', config.LOG_PATH )

class LogUtils():
  def __init__(self,log_path=log_output_path):
    self.log_name = os.path.join( log_output_path ,'ApiTest_%s.log'%time.strftime('%Y_%m_%d') )
    self.logger = logging.getLogger("ApiTestLog")
    self.logger.setLevel( config.LOG_LEVEL )

    console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() # 控制台输出
    file_handler = logging.FileHandler(self.log_name,'a',encoding='utf-8') # 文件输出
    formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(name)s %(levelname)s %(message)s")
    console_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
    file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)

    self.logger.addHandler( console_handler )
    self.logger.addHandler( file_handler )

    console_handler.close() # 防止打印日志重复
    file_handler.close()   # 防止打印日志重复

  def get_logger(self):
    return self.logger

logger = LogUtils().get_logger()  # 防止打印日志重复

if __name__ == '__main__':
  logger.info('hello')

八、common下的config_utils.py的封装

配置文件的编写：

对配置文件的读取封装：

import os
import configparser

current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
cfgpath = os.path.join(current_path, "../conf/local_config.ini")
print(cfgpath)


class ConfigUtils:
  def __init__(self,config_path=cfgpath):
    self.__conf=configparser.ConfigParser()
    self.__conf.read(config_path, encoding="utf-8")

  def read_ini(self,sec,option):
    value=self.__conf.get(sec,option)
    return value

  @property
  def hosts(self):
    value=self.read_ini('default','hosts')
    return value

  @property
  def LOG_PATH(self):
    value = self.read_ini('path', 'LOG_PATH')
    return value

  @property
  def CASE_DATA_PATH(self):
    value = self.read_ini('path', 'CASE_DATA_PATH')
    return value

  @property
  def REPORT_PATH(self):
    value = self.read_ini('path', 'REPORT_PATH')
    return value

  @property
  def LOG_LEVEL(self):
    value = int(self.read_ini('log', 'LOG_LEVEL'))
    return value


  @property
  def smtp_server(self):
    smtp_server_value = self.read_ini('email', 'smtp_server')
    return smtp_server_value

  @property
  def smtp_sender(self):
    smtp_sender_value = self.read_ini('email', 'smtp_sender')
    return smtp_sender_value

  @property
  def smtp_password(self):
    smtp_password_value = self.read_ini('email', 'smtp_password')
    return smtp_password_value

  @property
  def smtp_receiver(self):
    smtp_receiver_value = self.read_ini('email', 'smtp_receiver')
    return smtp_receiver_value

  @property
  def smtp_cc(self):
    smtp_cc_value = self.read_ini('email', 'smtp_cc')
    return smtp_cc_value

  @property
  def smtp_subject(self):
    smtp_subject_value = self.read_ini('email', 'smtp_subject')
    return smtp_subject_value
config=ConfigUtils()

if __name__=='__main__':
  current_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
  cfgpath = os.path.join(current_path, "../conf/local_config.ini")
  config_u=ConfigUtils()
  print(config_u.hosts)
  print(config_u.LOG_LEVEL)

九、test_runner下的run_case.py 封装

class RunCase():
  def __init__(self):
    self.test_case_path = test_case_path
    self.report_path = test_report_path
    self.title = 'P1P2接口自动化测试报告'
    self.description = '自动化接口测试框架'
    self.tester = '测试开发组'
  def load_test_suite(self):
    discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(start_dir=self.test_case_path,
                            pattern='api_test.py',
                            top_level_dir=self.test_case_path)
    all_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
    all_suite.addTest( discover )
    return all_suite
  def run(self):
    report_dir = HTMLTestReportCN.ReportDirectory(self.report_path)
    report_dir.create_dir(self.title)
    report_file_path = HTMLTestReportCN.GlobalMsg.get_value('report_path')
    fp = open( report_file_path ,'wb' )
    runner = HTMLTestReportCN.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,
                         title=self.title,
                         description=self.description,
                         tester=self.tester)
    runner.run( self.load_test_suite() )
    fp.close()
    return report_file_path


if __name__=='__main__':
  report_path = RunCase().run()
  EmailUtils(open(report_path, 'rb').read(), report_path).send_mail()

十、common下的email_utils.py 封装

import os
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from common.config_utils import config

class EmailUtils():
  def __init__(self,smtp_body,smtp_attch_path=None):
    self.smtp_server = config.smtp_server
    self.smtp_sender = config.smtp_sender
    self.smtp_password = config.smtp_password
    self.smtp_receiver = config.smtp_receiver
    self.smtp_cc = config.smtp_cc
    self.smtp_subject = config.smtp_subject
    self.smtp_body = smtp_body
    self.smtp_attch = smtp_attch_path

  def mail_message_body(self):
    message = MIMEMultipart()
    message['from'] = self.smtp_sender
    message['to'] = self.smtp_receiver
    message['Cc'] = self.smtp_cc
    message['subject'] = self.smtp_subject
    message.attach( MIMEText(self.smtp_body,'html','utf-8') )
    if self.smtp_attch:
      attach_file = MIMEText(open(self.smtp_attch, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
      attach_file['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream'
      attach_file.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', os.path.basename(self.smtp_attch)))
      message.attach(attach_file)
    return message

  def send_mail(self):
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtp.connect(self.smtp_server)
    smtp.login(user=self.smtp_sender, password=self.smtp_password)
    smtp.sendmail(self.smtp_sender,self.smtp_receiver.split(",")+ self.smtp_cc.split(","), self.mail_message_body().as_string())

if __name__=='__main__':
  html_path = os.path.dirname(__file__) + '/../test_reports/接口自动化测试报告V1.1/接口自动化测试报告V1.1.html'
  EmailUtils('<h3 align="center">自动化测试报告</h3>',html_path).send_mail()

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持易盾网络。