斯威夫特字典理解

其他语言(如 Python)允许您使用字典理解来从数组中创建一个字典,但我还没有弄清楚如何在Swift中执行此操作.我以为我可以使用这样的东西,但它不能编译：

let x = ["a","b","c"]
let y = x.map( { ($0:"x") })
// expected y to be ["a":"x", "b":"x", "c":"x"]

在swift中从数组生成字典的正确方法是什么？

map方法只是将数组的每个元素转换为新元素.但结果仍然是一个数组.要将数组转换为字典,可以使用reduce方法.

let x = ["a","b","c"]
let y = x.reduce([String: String]()) { (var dict, arrayElem) in
    dict[arrayElem] = "this is the value for \(arrayElem)"
    return dict
}

这将生成字典

["a": "this is the value for a",
 "b": "this is the value for b",
 "c": "this is the value for c"]

一些解释：reduce的第一个参数是初始值,在这种情况下是空字典[String：String](). reduce的第二个参数是将数组的每个元素组合成当前值的回调.在这种情况下,当前值是字典,我们为每个数组元素定义一个新的键和值.修改后的字典也需要在回调中返回.

更新：由于对于大型数组(参见注释),reduce方法可能会占用大量内存,因此您还可以定义类似于以下代码段的自定义解析函数.

func dictionaryComprehension<T,K,V>(array: [T], map: (T) -> (key: K, value: V)?) -> [K: V] {
    var dict = [K: V]()
    for element in array {
        if let (key, value) = map(element) {
            dict[key] = value
        }
    }
    return dict
}

调用该函数看起来像这样.

let x = ["a","b","c"]
let y = dictionaryComprehension(x) { (element) -> (key: String, value: String)? in
    return (key: element, value: "this is the value for \(element)")
}

更新2：您还可以在Array上定义一个扩展,而不是自定义函数,这将使代码更容易重用.

extension Array {
    func toDict<K,V>(map: (T) -> (key: K, value: V)?) -> [K: V] {
        var dict = [K: V]()
        for element in self {
            if let (key, value) = map(element) {
                dict[key] = value
            }
        }
        return dict
    }
}

调用上面的内容就像这样.

let x = ["a","b","c"]
let y = x.toDict { (element) -> (key: String, value: String)? in
    return (key: element, value: "this is the value for \(element)")
}