控制台抓包
打开方式及常用选项
1、打开浏览器，F12打开控制台，找到Network选项卡
2、控制台常用选项
1、Network: 抓取网络数据包
1、ALL: 抓取所有的网络数据包
2、XHR：抓取异步加载的网络数据包
3、JS : 抓取所有的JS文件
2、Sources: 格式化输出并打断点调试JavaScript代码，助于分析爬虫中一些参数
3、Console: 交互模式，可对JavaScript中的代码进行测试
3、抓取具体网络数据包后
1、单击左侧网络数据包地址，进入数据包详情，查看右侧
2、右侧:
1、Headers: 整个请求信息 General、Response Headers、Request Headers、Query String、Form Data
2、Preview: 对响应内容进行预览
3、Response：响应内容
requests.post()
适用于Post类型请求的网站，比例：网易翻译
参数-data
response = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)
# data ：post的数据（Form表单数据，字典格式）
请求方式的特点
GET请求 : 参数在URL地址中有显示
POST请求: Form表单提交数据
有道翻译破解案例(post)
1、目标
破解有道翻译接口，抓取翻译结果
# 结果展示
请输入要翻译的词语: elephant
翻译结果: 大象
**************************
请输入要翻译的词语: 喵喵叫
翻译结果: mews
2、实现步骤
- 浏览器F12开启网络抓包,Network-All,页面翻译单词后找Form表单数据
- 在页面中多翻译几个单词，观察Form表单数据变化（有数据是加密字符串）
- 刷新有道翻译页面，抓取并分析JS代码（本地JS加密）
- 找到JS加密算法，用Python按同样方式加密生成加密数据
- 将Form表单数据处理为字典，通过requests.post()的data参数发送
具体实现
1、开启F12抓包，找到Form表单数据如下:
i: 喵喵叫
from: AUTO
to: AUTO
smartresult: dict
client: fanyideskweb
salt: 15614112641250
sign: 94008208919faa19bd531acde36aac5d
ts: 1561411264125
bv: f4d62a2579ebb44874d7ef93ba47e822
doctype: json
version: 2.1
keyfrom: fanyi.web
action: FY_BY_REALTlME
2、在页面中多翻译几个单词，观察Form表单数据变化，我们发现每次查询单词，只有salt、sign和ts的值会变化。其他的值都不会改变。
salt: 15614112641250
sign: 94008208919faa19bd531acde36aac5d
ts: 1561411264125
3、salt、sign和ts的值一般为本地js文件加密，刷新页面，找到js文件并分析JS代码
方法1：Network - JS选项 - 打开一个js文件，左下角格式化符号{}，ctrl+F搜索关键词salt，如果存在关键词则找到了加密的js文件。
方法2：控制台右上角 - Search - 搜索salt - 跳转到Sources，查看文件 - 把js文件代码复制到在线js格式化网站，格式化代码，变成有缩进的可读代码。
4、打开JS文件，分析js加密算法，用Python实现
# ts : 经过分析为13位的时间戳，字符串类型
js代码实现: r = "" + (new Date).getTime()
python实现: str(int(time.time()*1000))
# salt
js代码实现: r + parseInt(10 * Math.random(), 10);
python实现: ts + str(random.randint(0,9))
# sign（设置断点调试，来查看 e 的值，发现 e 为要翻译的单词）
js代码实现: n.md5("fanyideskweb" + e + salt + "n%A-rKaT5fb[Gy?;[email protected]")
python实现:
from hashlib import md5
s = md5()
s.update("fanyideskweb" + e + salt + "n%A-rKaT5fb[Gy?;[email protected]".encode())
sign = s.hexdigest()
5、代码实现
import requests import time import random from hashlib import md5 class YdSpider(object): def __init__(self): # url一定为F12抓到的 headers -> General -> Request URL self.url = ‘http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate_o?smartresult=dict&smartresult=rule‘ self.headers = { # 检查项最高 - 3个 "Cookie": "[email protected]; OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID_NCOO=570559528.1224236; _nt es_nnid=96bc13a2f5ce64962adfd6a278467214,1551873108952; JSESSIONID=aaae9i7plXPlKaJH_gkYw; td_cookie=1844 6744072941336803; SESSION_FROM_COOKIE=unknown; ___rl__test__cookies=1565689460872", "Referer": "http://fanyi.youdao.com/", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76. 0.3809.100 Safari/537.36", } # 获取,ts、salt、sign def get_salt_sign_ts(self, word): ts = str(int(time.time() * 1000)) # ts salt = ts + str(random.randint(0, 9)) # salt string = "fanyideskweb" + word + salt + "n%A-rKaT5fb[Gy?;[email protected]" # sign s = md5() s.update(string.encode(‘utf-8‘)) sign = s.hexdigest() return salt, sign, ts def attack_yd(self, word): # 1. 先拿到salt,sign,ts salt, sign, ts = self.get_salt_sign_ts(word) # 2. 定义form表单数据为字典: data={} # 检查了salt sign data = { "i": word, "from": "AUTO", "to": "AUTO", "smartresult": "dict", "client": "fanyideskweb", "salt": salt, "sign": sign, "ts": ts, "bv": "7e3150ecbdf9de52dc355751b074cf60", "doctype": "json", "version": "2.1", "keyfrom": "fanyi.web", "action": "FY_BY_REALTlME", } # 3. 直接发请求:requests.post(url,data=data,headers=xxx) res = requests.post(url=self.url, data=data, headers=self.headers) # res.json() 将json格式的字符串转为python数据类型 html = res.json() result = html[‘translateResult‘][0][0][‘tgt‘] print(result) # html:{‘translateResult‘: [[{‘tgt‘: ‘你好‘, ‘src‘: ‘hello‘}]], ‘errorCode‘: 0, ‘type‘: ‘en2zh-CHS‘, # ‘smartResult‘: {‘entries‘: [‘‘, ‘n. 表示问候， 惊奇或唤起注意时的用语\r\n‘, ‘int. 喂；哈罗\r\n‘, ‘n. # (Hello)人名；(法)埃洛\r\n‘], ‘type‘: 1}} def main(self): word = input(‘请输入要翻译的单词:‘) # 输入翻译单词 self.attack_yd(word) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: spider = YdSpider() spider.main()
百度翻译破解案例(post)
破解百度翻译接口，抓取翻译结果数据
实现步骤
1、F12抓包，先翻译几个单词，查看异步数据包，找到翻译结果的json的地址，观察查询参数
1、POST地址: https://fanyi.baidu.com/v2transapi
2、Form表单数据（多次抓取在变的字段）
from: zh
to: en
sign: 54706.276099 #这个是如何生成的？
token: a927248ae7146c842bb4a94457ca35ee # 基本固定,但也想办法获取
2、抓取相关JS文件
右上角 - 搜索 - sign: - 找到具体JS文件(index_c8a141d.js) - 格式化输出
3、在JS中寻找sign的生成代码
1、在格式化输出的JS代码中搜索: sign: 找到如下JS代码：sign: m(a),
2、通过设置断点，找到m(a)函数的位置，即生成sign的具体函数
1. a 为要翻译的单词
2. 鼠标移动到 m(a) 位置处，点击上方可进入具体m(a)函数代码块
4、生成sign的m(a)函数具体代码如下(在一个大的define中)，我们复制了里面的3个函数在下面
function a(r) { if (Array.isArray(r)) { for (var o = 0, t = Array(r.length); o < r.length; o++) t[o] = r[o]; return t } return Array.from(r) } function n(r, o) { for (var t = 0; t < o.length - 2; t += 3) { var a = o.charAt(t + 2); a = a >= "a" ? a.charCodeAt(0) - 87 : Number(a), a = "+" === o.charAt(t + 1) ? r >>> a : r << a, r = "+" === o.charAt(t) ? r + a & 4294967295 : r ^ a } return r } function e(r) { var o = r.match(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g); if (null === o) { var t = r.length; t > 30 && (r = "" + r.substr(0, 10) + r.substr(Math.floor(t / 2) - 5, 10) + r.substr(-10, 10)) } else { for (var e = r.split(/[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/), C = 0, h = e.length, f = []; h > C; C++) "" !== e[C] && f.push.apply(f, a(e[C].split(""))), C !== h - 1 && f.push(o[C]); var g = f.length; g > 30 && (r = f.slice(0, 10).join("") + f.slice(Math.floor(g / 2) - 5, Math.floor(g / 2) + 5).join("") + f.slice(-10).join("")) } // var u = void 0 // , l = "" + String.fromCharCode(103) + String.fromCharCode(116) + String.fromCharCode(107); // u = null !== i ? i : (i = window[l] || "") || ""; // String.fromCharCode(103)="g" // String.fromCharCode(103)="t" // String.fromCharCode(103)="k" // window.gtk也就是从网页源码中取值 // 进入函数断点调试 var u = ‘320305.131321201‘ for (var d = u.split("."), m = Number(d[0]) || 0, s = Number(d[1]) || 0, S = [], c = 0, v = 0; v < r.length; v++) { var A = r.charCodeAt(v); 128 > A ? S[c++] = A : (2048 > A ? S[c++] = A >> 6 | 192 : (55296 === (64512 & A) && v + 1 < r.length && 56320 === (64512 & r.charCodeAt(v + 1)) ? (A = 65536 + ((1023 & A) << 10) + (1023 & r.charCodeAt(++v)), S[c++] = A >> 18 | 240, S[c++] = A >> 12 & 63 | 128) : S[c++] = A >> 12 | 224, S[c++] = A >> 6 & 63 | 128), S[c++] = 63 & A | 128) } for (var p = m, F = "" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(97) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(94) + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(54)), D = "" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(51) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(94) + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(98)) + ("" + String.fromCharCode(43) + String.fromCharCode(45) + String.fromCharCode(102)), b = 0; b < S.length; b++) p += S[b], p = n(p, F); return p = n(p, D), p ^= s, 0 > p && (p = (2147483647 & p) + 2147483648), p %= 1e6, p.toString() + "." + (p ^ m) }
5、因为js代码太复杂，我们很难用js复现算法，因此我们采用第二种方案，直接将这段代码写入本地js文件，利用pyexecjs模块执行js代码进行调试
import execjs with open(‘translate.js‘, ‘r‘) as f: js_data = f.read() # 创建对象 js_obj = execjs.compile(js_data) sign = js_obj.eval(‘e("monkey")‘) # 把monkey调入e函数 print(sign) # 546500.833013
6、获取token
在js中 token=window.common.token，在响应（响应即网页源码）中想办法获取此值，百度翻译的网页地址为token_url = ‘https://fanyi.baidu.com/?aldtype=16047‘。用正则去匹配 regex: "token: ‘(.*?)‘"
代码实现
import requests import re import execjs class BaiduTranslateSpider(object): def __init__(self): self.token_url = ‘https://fanyi.baidu.com/?aldtype=16047‘ self.post_url = ‘https://fanyi.baidu.com/v2transapi‘ self.headers = { ‘accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3‘, # ‘accept-encoding‘: ‘gzip, deflate, br‘, ‘accept-language‘: ‘zh-CN,zh;q=0.9‘, ‘cache-control‘: ‘no-cache‘, ‘cookie‘: ‘BAIDUID=52920E829C1F64EE98183B703F4E37A9:FG=1; BIDUPSID=52920E829C1F64EE98183B703F4E37A9; PSTM=1562657403; to_lang_often=%5B%7B%22value%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%u82F1%u8BED%22%7D%2C%7B%22value%22%3A%22zh%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%u4E2D%u6587%22%7D%5D; REALTIME_TRANS_SWITCH=1; FANYI_WORD_SWITCH=1; HISTORY_SWITCH=1; SOUND_SPD_SWITCH=1; SOUND_PREFER_SWITCH=1; delPer=0; BDORZ=B490B5EBF6F3CD402E515D22BCDA1598; BCLID=6890774803653935935; BDSFRCVID=4XAsJeCCxG3DLCbwbJrKDGwjNA0UN_I3KhXZ3J; H_BDCLCKID_SF=tRk8oIDaJCvSe6r1MtQ_M4F_qxby26nUQ5neaJ5n0-nnhnL4W46bqJKFLtozKMoI3C7fotJJ5nololIRy6CKjjb-jaDqJ5n3bTnjstcS2RREHJrg-trSMDCShGRGWlO9WDTm_D_KfxnkOnc6qJj0-jjXqqo8K5Ljaa5n-pPKKRAaqD04bPbZL4DdMa7HLtAO3mkjbnczfn02OP5P5lJ_e-4syPRG2xRnWIvrKfA-b4ncjRcTehoM3xI8LNj405OTt2LEoDPMJKIbMI_rMbbfhKC3hqJfaI62aKDs_RCMBhcqEIL4eJOIb6_w5gcq0T_HttjtXR0atn7ZSMbSj4Qo5pK95p38bxnDK2rQLb5zah5nhMJS3j7JDMP0-4rJhxby523i5J6vQpnJ8hQ3DRoWXPIqbN7P-p5Z5mAqKl0MLIOkbC_6j5DWDTvLeU7J-n8XbI60XRj85-ohHJrFMtQ_q4tehHRMBUo9WDTm_DoTttt5fUj6qJj855jXqqo8KMtHJaFf-pPKKRAashnzWjrkqqOQ5pj-WnQr3mkjbn5yfn02OpjPX6joht4syPRG2xRnWIvrKfA-b4ncjRcTehoM3xI8LNj405OTt2LEoC0XtIDhMDvPMCTSMt_HMxrKetJyaR0JhpjbWJ5TEPnjDUOdLPDW-46HBM3xbKQw5CJGBf7zhpvdWhC5y6ISKx-_J68Dtf5; ZD_ENTRY=baidu; PSINO=2; H_PS_PSSID=26525_1444_21095_29578_29521_28518_29098_29568_28830_29221_26350_29459; locale=zh; Hm_lvt_64ecd82404c51e03dc91cb9e8c025574=1563426293,1563996067; from_lang_often=%5B%7B%22value%22%3A%22zh%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%u4E2D%u6587%22%7D%2C%7B%22value%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%u82F1%u8BED%22%7D%5D; Hm_lpvt_64ecd82404c51e03dc91cb9e8c025574=1563999768; yjs_js_security_passport=2706b5b03983b8fa12fe756b8e4a08b98fb43022_1563999769_js‘, ‘pragma‘: ‘no-cache‘, ‘upgrade-insecure-requests‘: ‘1‘, ‘user-agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36‘,} # 获取token和gtk def get_token(self): # 定义请求头 r = requests.get(self.token_url, headers=self.headers) token = re.findall(r"token: ‘(.*?)‘", r.text) window_gtk = re.findall(r"window.*?gtk = ‘(.*?)‘;</script>", r.text) if token: return token[0], window_gtk[0] # 获取sign def get_sign(self, word, gtk): with open(‘translate.js‘, ‘r‘) as f: js_data = f.read() exec_object = execjs.compile(js_data) sign = exec_object.eval(‘e("{}","{}")‘.format(word, gtk)) return sign # 主函数 def main(self, word, fro, to): token, gtk = self.get_token() sign = self.get_sign(word, gtk) # 找到form表单数据如下,sign和token需要想办法获取 form_data = { ‘from‘: fro, ‘to‘: to, ‘query‘: word, ‘transtype‘: ‘realtime‘, ‘simple_means_flag‘: ‘3‘, ‘sign‘: sign, ‘token‘: token } r = requests.post(self.post_url, data=form_data, headers=self.headers) print(r.json()[‘trans_result‘][‘data‘][0][‘dst‘]) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: spider = BaiduTranslateSpider() choice = input(‘1. 英译汉 2. 汉译英 : ‘) word = input(‘请输入要翻译的单词:‘) if choice == ‘1‘: fro, to = ‘en‘, ‘zh‘ elif choice == ‘2‘: fro, to = ‘zh‘, ‘en‘ spider.main(word, fro, to)