day 82 Serializer类进阶一【系列化类、反系列类合并】

待解决：

　　1.系列化字段gender、反系列化字段sex?

　　2. 全局钩子，非法信息添加字段？

 

一级路由

urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    url(r‘^app5/‘, include(‘app5.urls‘)),
]

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二级路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app5 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^users/$‘, views.Users.as_view()),
    url(r‘^users/(?P<pk>\d+)/$‘, views.Users.as_view()),
]

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models.py

from django.db import models

class User(models.Model):
    CHOICE_SEX = (
        (0, ‘男‘),
        (1, ‘女‘)
    )
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="姓名")
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="密码")
    sex = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=CHOICE_SEX, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, blank=True)
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    class Meta:
        db_table = ‘F_user‘
        verbose_name_plural = "用户名"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

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serializer.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

# 系列化与反系列化都可以用
class UserSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, min_length=3, error_messages={
        ‘max_length‘: ‘姓名太长‘,
        ‘min_length‘: ‘姓名太短‘,
    })
    pwd = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, min_length=3,error_messages={
        ‘max_length‘: ‘密码太长‘,
        ‘min_length‘: ‘密码太短‘,})

    # 为全局校验钩子新增校验字段
    re_pwd = serializers.CharField(label=‘确认密码‘,max_length=32, min_length=3,write_only=True, error_messages={
        ‘max_length‘: ‘确认密码太长‘,
        ‘min_length‘: ‘确认密码太短‘, })

    # 只参与反系列化
    sex = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)

    create_time = serializers.DateTimeField(required=False)  # 不是必须的【系列化与反系列化都不使用】

    # 只参与系列化 - 自定义字段
    gender = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)  # 可以自定义序列化属性(不需要和Model类属性同步)
    def get_gender(self, obj):  # obj为参与序列化的Model类对象
        return obj.get_sex_display()

    # 为post接口提供新增Model类对象的功能
    def create(self, validated_data):
        print(‘create被执行了‘)
        re = models.User.objects.create(**self.validated_data)
        # 需将创建的对象返回给试图函数，返回给前台
        return re

    # 为put提供更新Model类对象的功能
    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        # 更新query_list
        # instance.update(**validated_data)
        # 将更新后的数据返回前台
        for k, v in validated_data.items():
            setattr(instance, k, validated_data.get(k))
        instance.save()
        return instance

    # 局部钩子
    def validate_sex(self, value):
        if value not in (0, 1):
            raise serializers.ValidationError(‘未知性别‘)
        return value

    # 全局钩子
    def validate(self, attrs):
        re_pwd = attrs.pop(‘re_pwd‘)
        pwd = attrs.get(‘pwd‘)
        if re_pwd != pwd:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(‘两次密码不一致‘)
        return attrs

View Code

 

局部钩子：

def validate_sex(self, value):
    if value not in (0, 1):
        raise serializers.ValidationError(‘未知性别‘)
    return value

全局钩子：

def validate(self, attrs):
    re_pwd = attrs.pop(‘re_pwd‘)
    pwd = attrs.get(‘pwd‘)
    if re_pwd != pwd:
        raise serializers.ValidationError(‘两次密码不一致‘)
    return attrs

 

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .serializer import UserSerializers
from app5 import models


# 路由:/users/ | users/pk/
# 功能：get获取所有| post新增一个 | put修改一个| delete删除一个| get获取一个
class Users(APIView):
    back_dic = {
        ‘status‘:None,
        ‘msg‘:‘‘,
        ‘result‘:{}
    }
    # 获取所有资源
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pk = kwargs.get(‘pk‘, None)
        if pk:
            # 获取一个
            users_query = models.User.objects.filter(pk=pk, is_delete=False)
        else:
            users_query = models.User.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
        if users_query:

            userser = UserSerializers(instance=users_query, many=True)
            self.back_dic[‘result‘] = userser.data
            self.back_dic[‘msg‘] = ‘查询成功‘
            self.back_dic[‘status‘] = ‘0‘
        else:
            self.back_dic[‘msg‘] = ‘查询失败,所查不存在‘
            self.back_dic[‘status‘] = ‘1‘
        return Response(self.back_dic)

    # 新增一个资源
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        # models.User.objects.create(**request.data)
        #保存数据前需要对数据进行验证，可以定义一个反系列化类，
        user_deser = UserSerializers(data=request.data)

        # 当raise_exception=True 直接将验证不合法信息返回给前台
        # user_deser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

        if user_deser.is_valid():
            # 必须校验通过才可以调用反系列化类中自己写的create方法
            # 可以自己直接调create方法，也可以调save方法，save方法会去调create方法
            # ret = user_deser.create(user_deser.validated_data)
            ret = user_deser.save()

            self.back_dic[‘status‘] = 0
            self.back_dic[‘msg‘] = ‘新增成功‘
            self.back_dic[‘result‘] = UserSerializers(instance=ret).data
            return Response(self.back_dic)
        else:
            self.back_dic[‘status‘] = 1
            self.back_dic[‘msg‘] = ‘新增失败‘
            self.back_dic[‘result‘] = user_deser.errors
            return Response(self.back_dic)

    # 更新一个，需要自定义update方法
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 修改的对象【query_list】
        # update_query = models.User.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get(‘pk‘, None))
        # user_ser = UserDserializer(instance=update_query, data=request.data)

        # 修改的对象【query_obj】
        update_query_obj = models.User.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get(‘pk‘, None)).first()
        user_ser = UserSerializers(instance=update_query_obj, data=request.data)

        if user_ser.is_valid():
            # ret_query = user_ser.update(instance=update_query,validated_data=user_ser.validated_data)
            # 可以自己直接调update方法，也可以调save方法，save方法会去调create方法
            ret_query = user_ser.save()
            self.back_dic[‘status‘] = 0
            self.back_dic[‘msg‘] = ‘更新成功‘
            # 【query_list】
            # self.back_dic[‘result‘] = UserSerializer(instance=ret_query, many=True).data

            #[query_obj]
            self.back_dic[‘result‘] = UserSerializers(instance=ret_query,many=False).data
        else:
            self.back_dic[‘status‘] = 1
            self.back_dic[‘msg‘] = ‘更新失败‘
            self.back_dic[‘result‘] = user_ser.errors
        return Response(self.back_dic)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        models.User.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get(‘pk‘), is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True)

        return  Response(‘delete ok‘)

View Code