Python人工智能之混合高斯模型运动目标检测详解分析

【人工智能项目】混合高斯模型运动目标检测

本次工作主要对视频中运动中的人或物的边缘背景进行检测。
那么走起来瓷！！！

原视频

高斯算法提取工作

import cv2
import numpy as np

# 高斯算法
class gaussian:
    def __init__(self):
        self.mean = np.zeros((1, 3))
        self.covariance = 0
        self.weight = 0;
        self.Next = None
        self.Previous = None

class Node:
    def __init__(self):
        self.pixel_s = None
        self.pixel_r = None
        self.no_of_components = 0
        self.Next = None

class Node1:
    def __init__(self):
        self.gauss = None
        self.no_of_comp = 0
        self.Next = None

covariance0 = 11.0
def Create_gaussian(info1, info2, info3):
    ptr = gaussian()
    if (ptr is not None):
        ptr.mean[1, 1] = info1
        ptr.mean[1, 2] = info2
        ptr.mean[1, 3] = info3
        ptr.covariance = covariance0
        ptr.weight = 0.002
        ptr.Next = None
        ptr.Previous = None

    return ptr

def Create_Node(info1, info2, info3):
    N_ptr = Node()
    if (N_ptr is not None):
        N_ptr.Next = None
        N_ptr.no_of_components = 1
        N_ptr.pixel_s = N_ptr.pixel_r = Create_gaussian(info1, info2, info3)

    return N_ptr

List_node = []
def Insert_End_Node(n):
    List_node.append(n)

List_gaussian = []
def Insert_End_gaussian(n):
    List_gaussian.append(n)

def Delete_gaussian(n):
    List_gaussian.remove(n);

class Process:
    def __init__(self, alpha, firstFrame):
        self.alpha = alpha
        self.background = firstFrame

    def get_value(self, frame):
        self.background = frame * self.alpha + self.background * (1 - self.alpha)
        return cv2.absdiff(self.background.astype(np.uint8), frame)

def denoise(frame):
    frame = cv2.medianBlur(frame, 5)
    frame = cv2.GaussianBlur(frame, (5, 5), 0)

    return frame

capture = cv2.VideoCapture('1.mp4')
ret, orig_frame = capture.read( )
if ret is True:
    value1 = Process(0.1, denoise(orig_frame))
    run = True
else:
    run = False

while (run):
    ret, frame = capture.read()
    value = False;
    if ret is True:
        cv2.imshow('input', denoise(frame))
        grayscale = value1.get_value(denoise(frame))
        ret, mask = cv2.threshold(grayscale, 15, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
        cv2.imshow('mask', mask)
        key = cv2.waitKey(10) & 0xFF
    else:
        break

    if key == 27:
        break

    if value == True:
        orig_frame = cv2.resize(orig_frame, (340, 260), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
        orig_frame = cv2.cvtColor(orig_frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        orig_image_row = len(orig_frame)
        orig_image_col = orig_frame[0]

        bin_frame = np.zeros((orig_image_row, orig_image_col))
        value = []

        for i in range(0, orig_image_row):
            for j in range(0, orig_image_col):
                N_ptr = Create_Node(orig_frame[i][0], orig_frame[i][1], orig_frame[i][2])
                if N_ptr is not None:
                    N_ptr.pixel_s.weight = 1.0
                    Insert_End_Node(N_ptr)
                else:
                    print("error")
                    exit(0)

        nL = orig_image_row
        nC = orig_image_col

        dell = np.array((1, 3));
        mal_dist = 0.0;
        temp_cov = 0.0;
        alpha = 0.002;
        cT = 0.05;
        cf = 0.1;
        cfbar = 1.0 - cf;
        alpha_bar = 1.0 - alpha;
        prune = -alpha * cT;
        cthr = 0.00001;
        var = 0.0
        muG = 0.0;
        muR = 0.0;
        muB = 0.0;
        dR = 0.0;
        dB = 0.0;
        dG = 0.0;
        rval = 0.0;
        gval = 0.0;
        bval = 0.0;

        while (1):
            duration3 = 0.0;
            count = 0;
            count1 = 0;
            List_node1 = List_node;
            counter = 0;
            duration = cv2.getTickCount( );
            for i in range(0, nL):
                r_ptr = orig_frame[i]
                b_ptr = bin_frame[i]

                for j in range(0, nC):
                    sum = 0.0;
                    sum1 = 0.0;
                    close = False;
                    background = 0;

                    rval = r_ptr[0][0];
                    gval = r_ptr[0][0];
                    bval = r_ptr[0][0];

                    start = List_node1[counter].pixel_s;
                    rear = List_node1[counter].pixel_r;
                    ptr = start;

                    temp_ptr = None;
                    if (List_node1[counter].no_of_component > 4):
                        Delete_gaussian(rear);
                        List_node1[counter].no_of_component = List_node1[counter].no_of_component - 1;

                    for k in range(0, List_node1[counter].no_of_component):
                        weight = List_node1[counter].weight;
                        mult = alpha / weight;
                        weight = weight * alpha_bar + prune;
                        if (close == False):
                            muR = ptr.mean[0];
                            muG = ptr.mean[1];
                            muB = ptr.mean[2];

                            dR = rval - muR;
                            dG = gval - muG;
                            dB = bval - muB;

                            var = ptr.covariance;

                            mal_dist = (dR * dR + dG * dG + dB * dB);

                            if ((sum < cfbar) and (mal_dist < 16.0 * var * var)):
                                background = 255;

                            if (mal_dist < (9.0 * var * var)):
                                weight = weight + alpha;
                                if mult < 20.0 * alpha:
                                    mult = mult;
                                else:
                                    mult = 20.0 * alpha;

                                close = True;

                                ptr.mean[0] = muR + mult * dR;
                                ptr.mean[1] = muG + mult * dG;
                                ptr.mean[2] = muB + mult * dB;
                                temp_cov = var + mult * (mal_dist - var);
                                if temp_cov < 5.0:
                                    ptr.covariance = 5.0
                                else:
                                    if (temp_cov > 20.0):
                                        ptr.covariance = 20.0
                                    else:
                                        ptr.covariance = temp_cov;

                                temp_ptr = ptr;

                        if (weight < -prune):
                            ptr = Delete_gaussian(ptr);
                            weight = 0;
                            List_node1[counter].no_of_component = List_node1[counter].no_of_component - 1;
                        else:
                            sum += weight;
                            ptr.weight = weight;

                        ptr = ptr.Next;

                    if (close == False):
                        ptr = gaussian( );
                        ptr.weight = alpha;
                        ptr.mean[0] = rval;
                        ptr.mean[1] = gval;
                        ptr.mean[2] = bval;
                        ptr.covariance = covariance0;
                        ptr.Next = None;
                        ptr.Previous = None;
                        Insert_End_gaussian(ptr);
                        List_gaussian.append(ptr);
                        temp_ptr = ptr;
                        List_node1[counter].no_of_components = List_node1[counter].no_of_components + 1;

                    ptr = start;
                    while (ptr != None):
                        ptr.weight = ptr.weight / sum;
                        ptr = ptr.Next;

                    while (temp_ptr != None and temp_ptr.Previous != None):
                        if (temp_ptr.weight <= temp_ptr.Previous.weight):
                            break;
                        else:
                            next = temp_ptr.Next;
                            previous = temp_ptr.Previous;
                            if (start == previous):
                                start = temp_ptr;
                                previous.Next = next;
                                temp_ptr.Previous = previous.Previous;
                                temp_ptr.Next = previous;
                            if (previous.Previous != None):
                                previous.Previous.Next = temp_ptr;
                            if (next != None):
                                next.Previous = previous;
                            else:
                                rear = previous;
                                previous.Previous = temp_ptr;

                        temp_ptr = temp_ptr.Previous;

                    List_node1[counter].pixel_s = start;
                    List_node1[counter].pixel_r = rear;
                    counter = counter + 1;

capture.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2

• 背景减法 (BS) 是一种常用且广泛使用的技术，用于通过使用静态相机生成前景蒙版（即，包含属于场景中运动物体的像素的二值图像）。
• 顾名思义，BS 计算前景蒙版，在当前帧和背景模型之间执行减法运算，其中包含场景的静态部分，或者更一般地说，根据观察到的场景的特征，可以将所有内容视为背景。
  

背景建模包括两个主要步骤：

• 后台初始化；
• 背景更新。

在第一步中，计算背景的初始模型，而在第二步中，更新该模型以适应场景中可能的变化。

import cv2

#构造VideoCapture对象
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('1.mp4')

# 创建一个背景分割器
# createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2()函数里，可以指定detectShadows的值
# detectShadows=True，表示检测阴影，反之不检测阴影。默认是true
fgbg  = cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2()
while True :
    ret, frame = cap.read() # 读取视频
    fgmask = fgbg.apply(frame) # 背景分割
    cv2.imshow('frame', fgmask) # 显示分割结果
    if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xff == ord('q'):
        break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

小结

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