本节使用SpringBoot 2.1.9.RELEASE,示例源码在https://github.com/laolunsi/spring-boot-examples/tree/master/06-spring-boot-mongo-demo
SpringBoot可以非常方便地引入和操作MongoDB。本节分两部分,记录个人学习SpringBoot使用MongoDB数据库的一些知识。
第一部分是一个简单的springboot连接mongo的demo,测试查询功能。
第二部分是基于mongo实现的增删改查数据示例。
本节使用SpringBoot 2.1.9.RELEASE
一、A simple demo
首先来演示SpringBoot项目引入MongoDB,以及一个简单的findAll操作。
maven依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId> </dependency>
环境配置:
application.yml文件中写入如下配置,test表示MongoDB中的test表
spring: data: mongodb: uri: "mongodb://localhost:27017/test"
以一个bean类为例:
package com.example;
public class User {
  private String id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private Integer grade;
  // ... ignore getter and setter
  // override its toString method
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "User{" +
        "id='" + id + '\'' +
        ", name='" + name + '\'' +
        ", age=" + age +
        ", grade=" + grade +
        '}';
  }
}
在MongoDB数据库中新建一个collection(也就是表),名字叫user,插入几条数据,比如:

注:这里用的可视化工具是robo 3t:https://www.jb51.net/database/567493.html
我们这里先默认JavaBean的字段与user表的字段名保持一致。
下面我们编写测试类:
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MongoTest {
  @Autowired
  private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
  @Test
  public void test1() {
    List<User> userList = mongoTemplate.findAll(User.class);
    if (userList != null && userList.size() > 0) {
      userList.forEach(user -> {
        System.out.println(user.toString());
      });
    }
  }
}
运行测试类,输出如下:
User{id='5d243534514701183f5fcab8', name='zf0', age=12, grade=1}
User{id='5d243534514701183f5fcab9', name='zf1', age=13, grade=2}
User{id='5d243534514701183f5fcaba', name='zf2', age=14, grade=3}
User{id='5d243534514701183f5fcabb', name='zf3', age=15, grade=4}
User{id='5d243534514701183f5fcabc', name='zf4', age=16, grade=5}
二、基于SpringBoot的MongoDB增删改查操作
下面来实现一个基于SpringBoot的对MongoDB增删改查操作的简单示例,依然使用上面的环境:
maven:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.60</version> </dependency>
yml:
server: port: 8866 spring: data: mongodb: uri: "mongodb://localhost:27017/test"
User类:
这里我们清楚一下之前的数据,把mongo里的user表里的数据全部删掉。

注:这里用的可视化工具admin-mongo:https://github.com/mrvautin/adminMongo

新建一个不同的user类:
@Document("user")
public class User {
  @Id
  private String id;
  @Field("name")
  private String name;
  @Field("password")
  private String password;
  @Field("address")
  private String address;
  @Field("create_time")
  private Date createTime;
  @Field("last_update_time")
  private Date lastUpdateTime;
  // ... ignore getter and setter methods
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return JSONObject.toJSONString(this);
  }
}
此处定义一个JsonResult类,用于封装接口返回数据:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class JsonResult {
  /**
   * 未登录
   */
  public static final int NO_LOGIN = 400;
  /**
   * 登录失败
   */
  public static final int LOGIN_FAILED = 401;
  /**
   * TOKEN过期
   */
  public static final int TOKEN_EXPIRED = 402;
  /**
   * 无权限
   */
  public static final int NO_PERMISSION = 403;
  private Boolean success;
  private Integer code;
  private String msg;
  private Object data;
  public JsonResult(Boolean success) {
    this.success = success;
  }
  public JsonResult(Boolean success, String msg) {
    this.success = success;
    this.msg = msg;
  }
  public JsonResult(Integer code, Boolean success, String msg) {
    this.code = code;
    this.success = success;
    this.msg = msg;
  }
  public JsonResult(Boolean success, Object data) {
    this.success = success;
    this.data = data;
  }
  public JsonResult(Boolean success, Integer code, String msg, Object data) {
    this.success = success;
    this.code = code;
    this.msg = msg;
    this.data = data;
  }
  // ... ignore getter and setter methods
  public void put(String key, Object value) {
    if (data == null) {
      data = new HashMap<>();
    }
    ((Map) data).put(key, value);
  }
  public void putAll(Map<String, Object> map) {
    if (data == null) {
      data = new HashMap<>();
    }
    ((Map) data).putAll(map);
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return JSONObject.toJSONString(this);
  }
}
下面编写测试接口类,实现用户的新增、删除、更新、查询功能
UserController类:
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "user")
public class UserController {
  @Autowired
  private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;
  @GetMapping(value = "")
  public JsonResult list() {
    List<User> userList = mongoTemplate.findAll(User.class, "user");
    return new JsonResult(true, userList);
  }
  @PostMapping(value = "")
  public JsonResult add(User user) {
    String msg = verifySaveForm(user);
    if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(msg)) {
      return new JsonResult(false, msg);
    }
    if (user.getId() == null) {
      user.setCreateTime(new Date());
      user.setLastUpdateTime(new Date());
      User newUser = mongoTemplate.insert(user, "user");
      return new JsonResult(true, newUser);
    } else {
      Query query = new Query();
      query.addCriteria(Criteria.where("_id").is(user.getId()));
      Update update = new Update();
      update.set("name", user.getName());
      update.set("password", user.getPassword());
      update.set("address", user.getAddress());
      update.set("last_update_time", new Date());
      UpdateResult updateResult = mongoTemplate.updateFirst(query, update, "user");
      return new JsonResult(true, updateResult);
    }
  }
  @DeleteMapping(value = "{id}")
  public JsonResult delete(@PathVariable String id) {
    Query query = new Query();
    query.addCriteria(Criteria.where("_id").is(id));
    DeleteResult deleteResult = mongoTemplate.remove(query, User.class, "user");
    return new JsonResult(true, deleteResult);
  }
  // private methods
  private String verifySaveForm(User user) {
    if (user == null || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getName())) {
      return "用户名不能为空";
    } else if (user.getPassword() == null) {
      return "密码不能为空";
    }
    return null;
  }
}
下面用postman模拟一下请求:
新增用户:

查看Mongodb:

更改数据,新增多个用户:

列表查询:

更改user:


删除user:


好,到此为止,我们已经在SpringBoot项目中引入了MongoDB,并实现了基本的增删改查操作,这将是我们使用MongoDB开发更加复杂的业务的基础!
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