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恋爱虽易,相处不易:当EntityFramework爱上AutoMapper

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剧情开始 为何相爱? 相处的问题? 女人的伟大? 剧情收尾? 有时候相识即是一种缘分,相爱也不需要太多的理由,一个眼神足矣,当EntityFramework遇上AutoMapper,就是如此,恋爱虽易,
剧情开始

  • 为何相爱?
  • 相处的问题?
  • 女人的伟大?
  • 剧情收尾?

  有时候相识即是一种缘分,相爱也不需要太多的理由,一个眼神足矣,当EntityFramework遇上AutoMapper,就是如此,恋爱虽易,相处不易。

  在DDD(领域驱动设计)中,使用AutoMapper一般场景是(Domain Layer)领域层与Presentation Layer(表现层)之间数据对象的转换,也就是DTO与Domin Model之间的相互转换,但是如果对AutoMapper有深入了解之后,就会发现她所涉及的领域不仅仅局限如此,应该包含所有对象之间的转换。另一边,当EntityFramework还在为单身苦恼时,不经意的一瞬间相识了AutoMapper,从此就深深的爱上了她。

  AutoMapper是一个强大的Object-Object Mapping工具,关于AutoMapper请参照:

  • 【AutoMapper官方文档】DTO与Domin Model相互转换(上)
  • 【AutoMapper官方文档】DTO与Domin Model相互转换(中)
  • 【AutoMapper官方文档】DTO与Domin Model相互转换(下)
为何相爱?

  上面是AutoMapper对象转换示意图,可以看出AutoMapper的主要用途是用在对象映射转换上,她不管是什么对象,只是负责转换,就像一个女人在家只负责相夫教子一样。看下AutoMapper的基本用法:

1       // 配置 AutoMapper
2       Mapper.CreateMap<Order, OrderDto>();
3       // 执行 mapping
4       OrderDto dto = Mapper.Map<Order, OrderDto>(order);

  EntityFramework是什么?他是微软开发的基于ADO.NET的ORM(Object/Relational Mapping)框架,是个大人物,是有身份和地位的人,就像一个“王子”一样,而AutoMapper准确的来说只是一个小角色,就像“灰姑娘”一样,况且他们也不是一个世界的人,那为什么EntityFramework会看上AutoMapper呢?这里面必定有内情,我们来探查一番。

  假如存在这样一个业务场景,Order表中存在百万条订单数据,而且Order表有几百列,根据业务场景要求,我们要对订单进行分离,比如:客户信息订单、产品订单等等,可能只是用到订单表中的某些字段,如果我们去做这样的一个操作,可以想象这样查询出的数据是怎样的,某些我们并不需要的字段会查询出来,而且数据并没有得到过滤,所以我们要在数据访问层做下面这样一个操作:

 1         using (var context = new OrderContext())
 2         {
 3             var orderConsignee = from order in context.Orders
 4                                  select new OrderConsignee
 5                                  {
 6                                      OrderConsigneeId = order.OrderId,
 7                                      //OrderItems = order.OrderItems,
 8                                      OrderItemCount = order.OrderItemCount,
 9                                      ConsigneeName = order.ConsigneeName,
10                                      ConsigneeRealName = order.ConsigneeRealName,
11                                      ConsigneePhone = order.ConsigneePhone,
12                                      ConsigneeProvince = order.ConsigneeProvince,
13                                      ConsigneeAddress = order.ConsigneeAddress,
14                                      ConsigneeZip = order.ConsigneeZip,
15                                      ConsigneeTel = order.ConsigneeTel,
16                                      ConsigneeFax = order.ConsigneeFax,
17                                      ConsigneeEmail = order.ConsigneeEmail
18                                  };
19 Console.ReadKey(); 20 }

  orderConsignee表示订单客户,这只是订单信息分离的一种子集,如果有多种分离的子集,并且子集中的字段并不比订单表少多少,你就会发现在数据访问层填充这些子集要做的工作量有多少了,虽然它是高效的,从生成的SQL代码中就可以看出:

 1 SELECT 
 2     [Extent1].[OrderItemCount] AS [OrderItemCount], 
 3     [Extent1].[OrderId] AS [OrderId], 
 4     [Extent1].[ConsigneeName] AS [ConsigneeName], 
 5     [Extent1].[ConsigneeRealName] AS [ConsigneeRealName], 
 6     [Extent1].[ConsigneePhone] AS [ConsigneePhone], 
 7     [Extent1].[ConsigneeProvince] AS [ConsigneeProvince], 
 8     [Extent1].[ConsigneeAddress] AS [ConsigneeAddress], 
 9     [Extent1].[ConsigneeZip] AS [ConsigneeZip], 
10     [Extent1].[ConsigneeTel] AS [ConsigneeTel], 
11     [Extent1].[ConsigneeFax] AS [ConsigneeFax], 
12     [Extent1].[ConsigneeEmail] AS [ConsigneeEmail]
13     FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [Extent1]

  但是这种效果并不能让EntityFramework满意,于是他就盯上了人家AutoMapper,为什么?因为AutoMapper的一段代码就可以搞定上面的问题:

1     OrderDto dto = Mapper.Map<Order, OrderDto>(order);
相处的问题?

  因为EntityFramework的疯狂追求,再加上他显赫的地位,让AutoMapper不得不接受了他,于是他们就交往了,但好像就是后羿和嫦娥的故事一样,不是一个世界的人,相处起来总会出现一些问题。虽然AutoMapper在对象转换方面很强大,而且大部分应用场景是Domain与ViewModel之间的映射转换,当涉及到数据访问时,AutoMapper就不是那么有用了。换句话说,AutoMapper工作在内存中的对象转换,而不是应用在数据访问中IQueryable的接口,在数据访问层我们使用EntityFramework把要查询的对象转化为SQL命令,如果在数据访问层使用AutoMapper,那么查询数据一定会发生在映射转换之后,而且查询出的数据一定会比转换的数据多,从而产生性能问题。

  上面的示例我们修改下:

1     Mapper.CreateMap<Order, OrderConsignee>();
2     var details = Mapper.Map<IEnumerable<Order>, IEnumerable<OrderConsignee>>(context.Orders).ToList();

  其实这就是EntityFramework看上AutoMapper的原因,也是EntityFramework想要的效果,看下生成的SQL语句:

 1 SELECT
 2     [Extent1].[OrderId] AS [OrderId],
 3     [Extent1].[OrderItemCount] AS [OrderItemCount],
 4     [Extent1].[UserId] AS [UserId],
 5     [Extent1].[ReceiverId] AS [ReceiverId],
 6     [Extent1].[ShopDate] AS [ShopDate],
 7     [Extent1].[OrderDate] AS [OrderDate],
 8     [Extent1].[ConsigneeRealName] AS [ConsigneeRealName],
 9     [Extent1].[ConsigneeName] AS [ConsigneeName],
10     [Extent1].[ConsigneePhone] AS [ConsigneePhone],
11     [Extent1].[ConsigneeProvince] AS [ConsigneeProvince],
12     [Extent1].[ConsigneeAddress] AS [ConsigneeAddress],
13     [Extent1].[ConsigneeZip] AS [ConsigneeZip],
14     [Extent1].[ConsigneeTel] AS [ConsigneeTel],
15     [Extent1].[ConsigneeFax] AS [ConsigneeFax],
16     [Extent1].[ConsigneeEmail] AS [ConsigneeEmail],
17     [Extent1].[WhetherCouAndinte] AS [WhetherCouAndinte],
18     [Extent1].[ParvalueAndInte] AS [ParvalueAndInte],
19     [Extent1].[PaymentType] AS [PaymentType],
20     [Extent1].[Payment] AS [Payment],
21     [Extent1].[Courier] AS [Courier],
22     [Extent1].[TotalPrice] AS [TotalPrice],
23     [Extent1].[FactPrice] AS [FactPrice],
24     [Extent1].[Invoice] AS [Invoice],
25     [Extent1].[Remark] AS [Remark],
26     [Extent1].[OrderStatus] AS [OrderStatus],
27     [Extent1].[SaleUserID] AS [SaleUserID],
28     [Extent1].[SaleUserType] AS [SaleUserType],
29     [Extent1].[BusinessmanID] AS [BusinessmanID],
30     [Extent1].[Carriage] AS [Carriage],
31     [Extent1].[PaymentStatus] AS [PaymentStatus],
32     [Extent1].[OgisticsStatus] AS [OgisticsStatus],
33     [Extent1].[OrderType] AS [OrderType],
34     [Extent1].[IsOrderNormal] AS [IsOrderNormal]
35     FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [Extent1]

  通过上面的SQL语句,会发现,虽然数据访问层代码写的简单了,但是查询的字段并不是我们想要的,也就是说查询发生在映射之前,可以想象如果存在上百万的数据或是上百行,使用AutoMapper进行映射转换是多么的不靠谱,难道EntityFramework和AutoMapper就没有缘分?或者只是EntityFramework的一厢情愿?请看下面。

女人的伟大?

  在EntityFramework和AutoMapper的相处过程中,虽然出现了某些问题,但其实也并不是EntityFramework的错,错就错在他们生不逢地,通过相处AutoMapper也发现EntityFramework是真心对她好,于是AutoMapper决定要做些改变,为了EntityFramework,也为了他们的将来。

  EntityFramework和AutoMapper不在一个世界的原因,前面我们也分析过,一个存在于内存中,一个存在于数据访问中,AutoMapper要做的就是去扩展IQueryable表达式(有点嫦娥下凡的意思哈),从而使他们可以存在于一个世界,于是她为了EntityFramework就做了以下工作:

 1     public static class QueryableExtensions
 2     {
 3         public static ProjectionExpression<TSource> Project<TSource>(this IQueryable<TSource> source)
 4         {
 5             return new ProjectionExpression<TSource>(source);
 6         }
 7     }
 8 
 9     public class ProjectionExpression<TSource>
10     {
11         private static readonly Dictionary<string, Expression> ExpressionCache = new Dictionary<string, Expression>();
12 
13         private readonly IQueryable<TSource> _source;
14 
15         public ProjectionExpression(IQueryable<TSource> source)
16         {
17             _source = source;
18         }
19 
20         public IQueryable<TDest> To<TDest>()
21         {
22              var queryExpression = GetCachedExpression<TDest>() ?? BuildExpression<TDest>();
23 
24             return _source.Select(queryExpression);
25         }        
26 
27         private static Expression<Func<TSource, TDest>> GetCachedExpression<TDest>()
28         {
29             var key = GetCacheKey<TDest>();
30 
31             return ExpressionCache.ContainsKey(key) ? ExpressionCache[key] as Expression<Func<TSource, TDest>> : null;
32         }
33 
34         private static Expression<Func<TSource, TDest>> BuildExpression<TDest>()
35         {
36             var sourceProperties = typeof(TSource).GetProperties();
37             var destinationProperties = typeof(TDest).GetProperties().Where(dest => dest.CanWrite);
38             var parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TSource), "src");
39             
40             var bindings = destinationProperties
41                                 .Select(destinationProperty => BuildBinding(parameterExpression, destinationProperty, sourceProperties))
42                                 .Where(binding => binding != null);
43 
44             var expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<TSource, TDest>>(Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TDest)), bindings), parameterExpression);
45 
46             var key = GetCacheKey<TDest>();
47 
48             ExpressionCache.Add(key, expression);
49 
50             return expression;
51         }        
52 
53         private static MemberAssignment BuildBinding(Expression parameterExpression, MemberInfo destinationProperty, IEnumerable<PropertyInfo> sourceProperties)
54         {
55             var sourceProperty = sourceProperties.FirstOrDefault(src => src.Name == destinationProperty.Name);
56 
57             if (sourceProperty != null)
58             {
59                 return Expression.Bind(destinationProperty, Expression.Property(parameterExpression, sourceProperty));
60             }
61 
62             var propertyNames = SplitCamelCase(destinationProperty.Name);
63 
64             if (propertyNames.Length == 2)
65             {
66                 sourceProperty = sourceProperties.FirstOrDefault(src => src.Name == propertyNames[0]);
67 
68                 if (sourceProperty != null)
69                 {
70                     var sourceChildProperty = sourceProperty.PropertyType.GetProperties().FirstOrDefault(src => src.Name == propertyNames[1]);
71 
72                     if (sourceChildProperty != null)
73                     {
74                         return Expression.Bind(destinationProperty, Expression.Property(Expression.Property(parameterExpression, sourceProperty), sourceChildProperty));
75                     }
76                 }
77             }
78 
79             return null;
80         }
81 
82         private static string GetCacheKey<TDest>()
83         {
84             return string.Concat(typeof(TSource).FullName, typeof(TDest).FullName);
85         }
86 
87         private static string[] SplitCamelCase(string input)
88         {
89             return Regex.Replace(input, "([A-Z])", " $1", RegexOptions.Compiled).Trim().Split(' ');
90         }
91     }    

  修改示例代码:

1       Mapper.CreateMap<Order, OrderConsignee>();
2       var details = context.Orders.Project().To<OrderConsignee>();

  通过AutoMapper所做的努力,使得代码更加简化,只要配置一个类型映射,传递目标类型,就可以得到我们想要的转换对象,代码如此简洁,我们再来看下生成SQL代码:

 1 SELECT 
 2     [Project1].[OrderId] AS [OrderId], 
 3     [Project1].[OrderItemCount] AS [OrderItemCount], 
 4     [Project1].[ConsigneeRealName] AS [ConsigneeRealName], 
 5     [Project1].[ConsigneeName] AS [ConsigneeName], 
 6     [Project1].[ConsigneePhone] AS [ConsigneePhone], 
 7     [Project1].[ConsigneeProvince] AS [ConsigneeProvince], 
 8     [Project1].[ConsigneeAddress] AS [ConsigneeAddress], 
 9     [Project1].[ConsigneeZip] AS [ConsigneeZip], 
10     [Project1].[ConsigneeTel] AS [ConsigneeTel], 
11     [Project1].[ConsigneeFax] AS [ConsigneeFax], 
12     [Project1].[ConsigneeEmail] AS [ConsigneeEmail], 
13     [Project1].[C1] AS [C1], 
14     [Project1].[OrderItemId] AS [OrderItemId], 
15     [Project1].[ProName] AS [ProName], 
16     [Project1].[ProImg] AS [ProImg], 
17     [Project1].[ProPrice] AS [ProPrice], 
18     [Project1].[ProNum] AS [ProNum], 
19     [Project1].[AddTime] AS [AddTime], 
20     [Project1].[ProOtherPara] AS [ProOtherPara], 
21     [Project1].[Order_OrderId] AS [Order_OrderId]
22     FROM ( SELECT 
23         [Extent1].[OrderId] AS [OrderId], 
24         [Extent1].[OrderItemCount] AS [OrderItemCount], 
25         [Extent1].[ConsigneeRealName] AS [ConsigneeRealName], 
26         [Extent1].[ConsigneeName] AS [ConsigneeName], 
27         [Extent1].[ConsigneePhone] AS [ConsigneePhone], 
28         [Extent1].[ConsigneeProvince] AS [ConsigneeProvince], 
29         [Extent1].[ConsigneeAddress] AS [ConsigneeAddress], 
30         [Extent1].[ConsigneeZip] AS [ConsigneeZip], 
31         [Extent1].[ConsigneeTel] AS [ConsigneeTel], 
32         [Extent1].[ConsigneeFax] AS [ConsigneeFax], 
33         [Extent1].[ConsigneeEmail] AS [ConsigneeEmail], 
34         [Extent2].[OrderItemId] AS [OrderItemId], 
35         [Extent2].[ProName] AS [ProName], 
36         [Extent2].[ProImg] AS [ProImg], 
37         [Extent2].[ProPrice] AS [ProPrice], 
38         [Extent2].[ProNum] AS [ProNum], 
39         [Extent2].[AddTime] AS [AddTime], 
40         [Extent2].[ProOtherPara] AS [ProOtherPara], 
41         [Extent2].[Order_OrderId] AS [Order_OrderId], 
42         CASE WHEN ([Extent2].[OrderItemId] IS NULL) THEN CAST(NULL AS int) ELSE 1 END AS [C1]
43         FROM  [dbo].[Orders] AS [Extent1]
44         LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[OrderItems] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent1].[OrderId] = [Extent2].[Order_OrderId]
45     )  AS [Project1]
46     ORDER BY [Project1].[OrderId] ASC, [Project1].[C1] ASC

  可以看出因为Order和OrderConsignee包含对OrderItems子集的映射关系:

1         /// <summary>
2         /// 订单项
3         /// </summary>
4         public virtual ICollection<OrderItem> OrderItems { get; set; }

  所以AutoMapper会自动匹配关联子集进行查询,当然也可以在创建映射关系的时候对OrderItems进行忽略:Mapper.CreateMap<Order, OrderConsignee>().ForMember(dest => dest.OrderItems, opt => opt.Ignore()); 排除OrderItems关联因素,从SQL代码可以看出并没有查询多余的字段,也就是我们想要的效果,这所以的一切都归功于AutoMapper,也许如果没有AutoMapper的努力,她和EntityFramework说不准还真不能在一起,女人真是伟大啊。

剧情收尾?

  示例代码下载:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1c0h9TNM

  经过一切风风雨雨,EntityFramework终于和AutoMapper过上了幸福美满的日子,但是看似幸福,但是问题还是不断,有人又提出疑问:

  • http://rogeralsing.com/2013/12/01/why-mapping-dtos-to-entities-using-automapper-and-entityframework-is-horrible/

  文章的标题用了“horrible”这个单词,翻译为可怕的,难道说EntityFramework和AutoMapper在一起有那么可怕吗?当然这只是针对EntityFramework使用AutoMapper进行CURD操作,但是我相信EntityFramework和AutoMapper会克服重重困难,生死不渝的。我们也会一直关注他们的婚后生活,未完待续。。。

  如果你也祝福EntityFramework和AutoMapper会永远在一起,那就疯狂的“戳”右下角的“推荐”吧。^_^

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