浅谈使用Java Web获取客户端真实IP的方法示例详解

Java-Web获取客户端真实IP：

发生的场景：服务器端接收客户端请求的时候，一般需要进行签名验证，客户端IP限定等情况，在进行客户端IP限定的时候，需要首先获取该真实的IP。

一般分为两种情况：

　　方式一、客户端未经过代理，直接访问服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；

　　方式二、客户端通过多级代理，最终到达服务器端(nginx,squid,haproxy)；

客户端请求信息都包含在HttpServletRequest中，可以通过方法getRemoteAddr()获得该客户端IP。

　　方式一形式，可以直接获得该客户端真实IP。

　　方式二中通过代理的形式，此时经过多级反向的代理，通过方法getRemoteAddr()得不到客户端真实IP，可以通过x-forwarded-for获得转发后请求信息。当客户端请求被转发，IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开，例如：10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230。

请求中的参数：

　　request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"):10.47.103.13,4.2.2.2,10.96.112.230

　　request.getHeader("X-Real-IP"):10.47.103.13

　　request.getRemoteAddr():10.96.112.230

客户端访问经过转发，IP将会追加在其后并以逗号隔开。最终准确的客户端信息为：

• x-forwarded-for 不为空，则为逗号前第一个IP ；
• X-Real-IP不为空，则为该IP；
• 否则为getRemoteAddr() ；

相关请求头的解释：

• X-Forwarded-For ：这是一个 Squid 开发的字段，只有在通过了HTTP代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。　　　　

　　　　格式为X-Forwarded-For:client1,proxy1,proxy2，一般情况下，第一个ip为客户端真实ip，后面的为经过的代理服务器ip。现在大部分的代理都会加上这个请求头。

• Proxy-Client-IP/WL- Proxy-Client-IP ：这个一般是经过apache http服务器的请求才会有，用apache http做代理时一般会加上Proxy-Client-IP请求头，而WL-Proxy-Client-IP是他的weblogic插件加上的头。
• HTTP_CLIENT_IP ：有些代理服务器会加上此请求头。
• X-Real-IP ：nginx代理一般会加上此请求头。

/**
 * 获取用户真实IP地址，不使用request.getRemoteAddr()的原因是有可能用户使用了代理软件方式避免真实IP地址,
 * 可是，如果通过了多级反向代理的话，X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个，而是一串IP值
 */
 private String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
 String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
 System.out.println("x-forwarded-for ip: " + ip);
 if (ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  // 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值，第一个ip才是真实ip
  if( ip.indexOf(",")!=-1 ){
  ip = ip.split(",")[0];
  }
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
  System.out.println("Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
  System.out.println("WL-Proxy-Client-IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
  System.out.println("HTTP_CLIENT_IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
  System.out.println("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
  System.out.println("X-Real-IP ip: " + ip);
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
  System.out.println("getRemoteAddr ip: " + ip);
 }
 System.out.println("获取客户端ip: " + ip);
 return ip;
 }

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
* IP校验
*/
public class IPUtils {

 public static String getClientAddress(HttpServletRequest request) {
 if (request == null) {
  return "unknown";
 }
 String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
 }
 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
 }

 if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
  ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
 }
 return ip.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1") ? "127.0.0.1" : ip;
 }

}

public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request){
 String ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
  if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
  ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
  }
  if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
  ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
  }
  if(ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
  ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
  if(ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1") || ipAddress.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")){
   //根据网卡取本机配置的IP
   InetAddress inet=null;
   try {
   inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
   } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }
   ipAddress= inet.getHostAddress();
  }
  }
  //对于通过多个代理的情况，第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
  if(ipAddress!=null && ipAddress.length()>15){ //"***.***.***.***".length() = 15
  if(ipAddress.indexOf(",")>0){
   ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0,ipAddress.indexOf(","));
  }
  }
  return ipAddress;
 }

太平洋网络IP地址查询Web接口：http://whois.pconline.com.cn/

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * 根据IP地址获取详细的地域信息 第一个方法是传入ip获取真实地址 最后一个方法是获取访问者真实ip 即使通过Nginx多层代理也可以获取
 */
public class AddressUtils {

 public static String getAddresses(String content, String encodingString) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
 // 这里调用pconline的接口
 String urlStr = "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php";
 // 从http://whois.pconline.com.cn取得IP所在的省市区信息
 String returnStr = getResult(urlStr, content, encodingString);
 if (returnStr != null) {
  // 处理返回的省市区信息
  System.out.println(returnStr);
  String[] temp = returnStr.split(",");
  if (temp.length < 3) {
  return "0";// 无效IP，局域网测试
  }
  String country = "";
  String area = "";
  String region = "";
  String city = "";
  String county = "";
  String isp = "";
  for (int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++) {
  switch (i) {
  case 1:
   country = (temp[i].split(":"))[2].replaceAll("\"", "");
   country = decodeUnicode(country);// 国家
   break;
//   case 3:
//   area = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
//   area =decodeUnicode(area);//地区
//   break;
  case 5:
   region = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   region = decodeUnicode(region);// 省份
   break;
  case 7:
   city = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   city = decodeUnicode(city);// 市区
   break;
  case 9:
   county = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   county = decodeUnicode(county);// 地区
   break;
  case 11:
   isp = (temp[i].split(":"))[1].replaceAll("\"", "");
   isp = decodeUnicode(isp);// ISP公司
   break;
  }
  }
  System.out.println(country + area + "=" + region + "=" + city + "=" + county + "=" + isp);
  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(country).append(region).append(city).append(county).append(" ")
   .append(isp);
  return sb.toString();
 }
 return null;
 }

 /**
 * @param urlStr 请求的地址
 * @param content 请求的参数 格式为：name=xxx&pwd=xxx
 * @param encoding 服务器端请求编码。如GBK,UTF-8等
 * @return
 */
 private static String getResult(String urlStr, String content, String encoding) {
 URL url = null;
 HttpURLConnection connection = null;
 try {
  url = new URL(urlStr);
  connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();// 新建连接实例
  connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);// 设置连接超时时间，单位毫秒
  connection.setReadTimeout(3000);// 设置读取数据超时时间，单位毫秒
  connection.setDoOutput(true);// 是否打开输出流 true|false
  connection.setDoInput(true);// 是否打开输入流true|false
  connection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交方法POST|GET
  connection.setUseCaches(false);// 是否缓存true|false
  connection.connect();// 打开连接端口
  DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());// 打开输出流往对端服务器写数据
  out.writeBytes(content);// 写数据(提交表单)
  out.flush();// 刷新
  out.close();// 关闭输出流
  // 往对端写完数据对端服务器返回数据,以BufferedReader流来读取
  BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), encoding));
  StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
  String line = "";
  while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
  buffer.append(line);
  }
  reader.close();
  return buffer.toString();
 } catch (IOException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } finally {
  if (connection != null) {
  connection.disconnect();// 关闭连接
  }
 }
 return null;
 }

 /**
 * unicode 转换成 中文
 */
 public static String decodeUnicode(String theString) {
 char aChar;
 int len = theString.length();
 StringBuffer outBuffer = new StringBuffer(len);
 for (int x = 0; x < len;) {
  aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
  if (aChar == '\\') {
  aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
  if (aChar == 'u') {
   int value = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
   aChar = theString.charAt(x++);
   switch (aChar) {
   case '0':
   case '1':
   case '2':
   case '3':
   case '4':
   case '5':
   case '6':
   case '7':
   case '8':
   case '9':
    value = (value << 4) + aChar - '0';
    break;
   case 'a':
   case 'b':
   case 'c':
   case 'd':
   case 'e':
   case 'f':
    value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'a';
    break;
   case 'A':
   case 'B':
   case 'C':
   case 'D':
   case 'E':
   case 'F':
    value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'A';
    break;
   default:
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed encoding.");
   }
   }
   outBuffer.append((char) value);
  } else {
   if (aChar == 't') {
   aChar = '\t';
   } else if (aChar == 'r') {
   aChar = '\r';
   } else if (aChar == 'n') {
   aChar = '\n';
   } else if (aChar == 'f') {
   aChar = '\f';
   }
   outBuffer.append(aChar);
  }
  } else {
  outBuffer.append(aChar);
  }
 }
 return outBuffer.toString();
 }

 // 测试
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 AddressUtils addressUtils = new AddressUtils();

 /**
  * 测试IP：111.121.72.101 中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
  */
 String ip = "111.121.72.101";
 String address = "";
 try {
  address = addressUtils.getAddresses("ip=" + ip, "utf-8");
 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 System.out.println(address);//中国贵州省贵阳市 电信
 }
}

到此这篇关于浅谈使用Java-Web获取客户端真实IP的方法示例详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关使用Java-Web获取客户端真实IP内容请搜索易盾网络以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持易盾网络！