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Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver

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在解析socketserver是如工作之前,我们先看看socektserver类的继承关系图: 请求类继承关系: server类继承关系: 有了上面的继承关系图后,我们解析socketserver就轻松多了,下面,我们从代


在解析socketserver是如工作之前,我们先看看socektserver类的继承关系图:

  请求类继承关系:

          Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer


  server类继承关系:

          Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_实例化_02


  有了上面的继承关系图后,我们解析socketserver就轻松多了,下面,我们从代码开始,慢慢揭开socketserver面纱:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_03

import socketserver
import struct, json, os

class FtpServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
coding = 'utf-8'
server_dir = 'file_upload'
max_packet_size = 1024
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

def handle(self):
print(self.request)
while True:
data = self.request.recv(4)
data_len = struct.unpack('i', data)[0]
head_json = self.request.recv(data_len).decode(self.coding)
head_dic = json.loads(head_json)
cmd = head_dic['cmd']
if hasattr(self, cmd):
func = getattr(self, cmd)
func(head_dic)

def put(self):
pass

def get(self):
pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999
with socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST, PORT), FtpServer) as server:
server.serve_forever()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_04

  我们通过socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer实例化对象server,那么此时应用调用类的__init__方法,前往ThreadingTCPServer类看看:

class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass

  发现這个类啥都没写,我们知道,如果一个类什么方法都没有定义,那么它的方法肯定都是从其父类继承而来,接着,先到ThreadingMinIn里面看看,

class ThreadingMixIn:
daemon_threads = False

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
passdef process_request(self, request, client_address):
pass

  这个类也没有__init__方法,因此,我们应该去右继承的父类TCPserver中找:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_实例化_05

class TCPServer(BaseServer):
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
request_queue_size = 5
allow_reuse_address = False
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)#
self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,self.socket_type) # 创建套接字对象
if bind_and_activate:
try:
self.server_bind() #绑定端口和IP
self.server_activate() # 监听端口
except:
self.server_close()
raise

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_06

  看到Tcpserver的__init__方法,完成了以下几件事:

    创建套接字,绑定端口和IP,并监听

    将端口、IP和我们创建类传递到Baseserver类中;

  此时,对象的初始化工作并没有完成,接着,我们要进入baseserver类,看看该类下的__init__完成了什么工作:

class BaseServer:
timeout = None
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
self.server_address = server_address #将端口和IP暂存
self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass #暂存我们创建的类
self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event() # 创建event对象

  到此,对象的初始化工作完成。然后是调用serve_forever()方法,开始不断循环监听。下面,我们来看看,这个server_forever实现

  注意:我们要清楚一点,我们在找這个方法在哪里的时候,一定要按照顺序去找,也就是说,我们先得从子类开始找,如果子类不存在,就去其父类找。下面我们就遵循這个原则来找找看。

  先来看看左继承的父类ThreadingMixIn中有没有server_forever:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_07

class ThreadingMixIn:
daemon_threads = False

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)

def process_request(self, request, client_address):
t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
args = (request, client_address))
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
t.start()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_08

  再来看看父类Tcpserver:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_09

class TCPServer(BaseServer):def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):

def server_bind(self):
def server_activate(self):
def server_close(self):
def fileno(self):
def get_request(self):
def shutdown_request(self, request):
def close_request(self, request):

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_10

  我们发现,没有server_forever方法,好,我去其继承的父类BaseServer类看看:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_11

class BaseServer:def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
def server_activate(self):

def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
def shutdown(self):
def service_actions(self):

def handle_request(self):
def _handle_request_noblock(self):
def handle_timeout(self):

def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
def process_request(self, request, client_address):
def server_close(self):

def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
def shutdown_request(self, request):
def close_request(self, request):

def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
def __enter__(self):
def __exit__(self, *args):

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_12

  我们发现server_forever()果然在這个类中,现在,我们的目标是:找到在什么地方调用我们自己写的handle方法。

  在我们找到的server_forever()方法中,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_13

def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
self.__is_shut_down.clear()
try:
with _ServerSelector() as selector:
selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)#原来底层是用epoll来实现不断循环监听
while not self.__shutdown_request:
ready = selector.select(poll_interval) #有新的链接进来
if ready:
self._handle_request_noblock() # 这里应该是处理新的链接
self.service_actions()
finally:
self.__shutdown_request = False
self.__is_shut_down.set()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_14

  好,我大致找到了链接的处理入口,我们跟进去,继续寻找:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_15

def _handle_request_noblock(self):
try:
request, client_address = self.get_request()
except OSError:
return
if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
try:
self.process_request(request, client_address)#注意这里的process_request()
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
except:
self.shutdown_request(request)
raise
else:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_16

  到源码中,我们找到该函数,现在,只看我划线的部分。其他部分都是针对异常的处理,如果没有异常,其他都是不会执行的,所以,其他的异常处理,我们先暂时不看。

  我们发现,如果有链接,最后会交给process_request()(我们会发现,在baseserver类和ThreadingMixIn都有這个方法,这里找类方法,一定要按照类的继承顺序来查找),所以,我们到ThreadingMiXin中去看看processs_request()做了哪些事情:

def process_request(self, request, client_address):

t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,args = (request, client_address)) # 原来开了一个线程,支持并发
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads # 开启守护线程
t.start()

  在线程中执行该类下的process_requsest_thread()方法,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_17

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_18

  到此为止,链接建立成功!

  下面,我们来看看,当有消息发送,是如何进行处理的。

  当有消息发送,selector监听到了,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_19

def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
self.__is_shut_down.clear()
try:

with _ServerSelector() as selector:
selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)# 监听了活动链接

while not self.__shutdown_request:
ready = selector.select(poll_interval)
if ready: # 准备好了
self._handle_request_noblock() # 进入处理

self.service_actions()
finally:
self.__shutdown_request = False
self.__is_shut_down.set()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_20

  下面我们跟进_handle_request_noblock(),

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_21

def _handle_request_noblock(self):
try:
request, client_address = self.get_request()
except OSError:
return
if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
try:
self.process_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
except:
self.shutdown_request(request)
raise
else:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_22

  我们到process_request()看看:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_23

def process_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Start a new thread to process the request."""
t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread, # start a threading to handle the request
args = (request, client_address))
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
t.start()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_24

  然后开启线程执行,process_request_thread()方法,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_25

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):

try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address) # -----> to Baseserver find
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_26

  然后调用finish_request()方法,现在我们跟进看看,

def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)

  执行了RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self),這个是啥??还记得最开始我们传进来的类保存在哪呢?没错,就是RequestHandlerClass里面,现在这里才开始实例化這个类,也就是说,在这里开始调用我们自己的类了。既然是调用我们自己的类,那么必然要实例化,我们先回到自己创建的类,找找__init__方法。

class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
self.data = self.request.recv(1024).strip()
print("{} wrote:".format(self.client_address[0]))
print(self.data)
self.request.sendall(self.data.upper())

  自己类没有写__init__方法,那么我去它继承的BaseRequestHandler()下面找找看:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_27

class BaseRequestHandler:
def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
self.request = request # 接受传进来的请求链接
self.client_address = client_address # 客户端的ip/端口
self.server = server #
self.setup()
try:
self.handle()
finally:
self.finish()

def setup(self):
pass

def handle(self):
pass

def finish(self):
pass

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_28

  我们来看看,它继承类实例化完成了哪些操作:

    调用handle()方法,我们发现,在这个类中也有一个handle()方法,那么这里调用时调用自己写的还是這个类中的呢?

  当然是调用我们自己写!

  至此,我们完成了一次通信的完整过程!

  总结sockerserver整个流程:

    1.开启了线程,支持并发操作

    2.I/O多路复用,监听多个文件描述符!


​​参考​​







在解析socketserver是如工作之前,我们先看看socektserver类的继承关系图:

  请求类继承关系:

          Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer


  server类继承关系:

          Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_实例化_02


  有了上面的继承关系图后,我们解析socketserver就轻松多了,下面,我们从代码开始,慢慢揭开socketserver面纱:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_31

import socketserver
import struct, json, os

class FtpServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
coding = 'utf-8'
server_dir = 'file_upload'
max_packet_size = 1024
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

def handle(self):
print(self.request)
while True:
data = self.request.recv(4)
data_len = struct.unpack('i', data)[0]
head_json = self.request.recv(data_len).decode(self.coding)
head_dic = json.loads(head_json)
cmd = head_dic['cmd']
if hasattr(self, cmd):
func = getattr(self, cmd)
func(head_dic)

def put(self):
pass

def get(self):
pass

if __name__ == '__main__':
HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999
with socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST, PORT), FtpServer) as server:
server.serve_forever()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_32

  我们通过socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer实例化对象server,那么此时应用调用类的__init__方法,前往ThreadingTCPServer类看看:

class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass

  发现這个类啥都没写,我们知道,如果一个类什么方法都没有定义,那么它的方法肯定都是从其父类继承而来,接着,先到ThreadingMinIn里面看看,

class ThreadingMixIn:
daemon_threads = False

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
passdef process_request(self, request, client_address):
pass

  这个类也没有__init__方法,因此,我们应该去右继承的父类TCPserver中找:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_33

class TCPServer(BaseServer):
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
request_queue_size = 5
allow_reuse_address = False
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)#
self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,self.socket_type) # 创建套接字对象
if bind_and_activate:
try:
self.server_bind() #绑定端口和IP
self.server_activate() # 监听端口
except:
self.server_close()
raise

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_实例化_34

  看到Tcpserver的__init__方法,完成了以下几件事:

    创建套接字,绑定端口和IP,并监听

    将端口、IP和我们创建类传递到Baseserver类中;

  此时,对象的初始化工作并没有完成,接着,我们要进入baseserver类,看看该类下的__init__完成了什么工作:

class BaseServer:
timeout = None
def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
self.server_address = server_address #将端口和IP暂存
self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass #暂存我们创建的类
self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event() # 创建event对象

  到此,对象的初始化工作完成。然后是调用serve_forever()方法,开始不断循环监听。下面,我们来看看,这个server_forever实现

  注意:我们要清楚一点,我们在找這个方法在哪里的时候,一定要按照顺序去找,也就是说,我们先得从子类开始找,如果子类不存在,就去其父类找。下面我们就遵循這个原则来找找看。

  先来看看左继承的父类ThreadingMixIn中有没有server_forever:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_35

class ThreadingMixIn:
daemon_threads = False

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)

def process_request(self, request, client_address):
t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
args = (request, client_address))
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
t.start()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_36

  再来看看父类Tcpserver:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_37

class TCPServer(BaseServer):def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):

def server_bind(self):
def server_activate(self):
def server_close(self):
def fileno(self):
def get_request(self):
def shutdown_request(self, request):
def close_request(self, request):

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_38

  我们发现,没有server_forever方法,好,我去其继承的父类BaseServer类看看:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_39

class BaseServer:def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
def server_activate(self):

def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
def shutdown(self):
def service_actions(self):

def handle_request(self):
def _handle_request_noblock(self):
def handle_timeout(self):

def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
def process_request(self, request, client_address):
def server_close(self):

def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
def shutdown_request(self, request):
def close_request(self, request):

def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
def __enter__(self):
def __exit__(self, *args):

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_40

  我们发现server_forever()果然在這个类中,现在,我们的目标是:找到在什么地方调用我们自己写的handle方法。

  在我们找到的server_forever()方法中,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_41

def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
self.__is_shut_down.clear()
try:
with _ServerSelector() as selector:
selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)#原来底层是用epoll来实现不断循环监听
while not self.__shutdown_request:
ready = selector.select(poll_interval) #有新的链接进来
if ready:
self._handle_request_noblock() # 这里应该是处理新的链接
self.service_actions()
finally:
self.__shutdown_request = False
self.__is_shut_down.set()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_42

  好,我大致找到了链接的处理入口,我们跟进去,继续寻找:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_43

def _handle_request_noblock(self):
try:
request, client_address = self.get_request()
except OSError:
return
if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
try:
self.process_request(request, client_address)#注意这里的process_request()
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
except:
self.shutdown_request(request)
raise
else:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_44

  到源码中,我们找到该函数,现在,只看我划线的部分。其他部分都是针对异常的处理,如果没有异常,其他都是不会执行的,所以,其他的异常处理,我们先暂时不看。

  我们发现,如果有链接,最后会交给process_request()(我们会发现,在baseserver类和ThreadingMixIn都有這个方法,这里找类方法,一定要按照类的继承顺序来查找),所以,我们到ThreadingMiXin中去看看processs_request()做了哪些事情:

def process_request(self, request, client_address):

t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,args = (request, client_address)) # 原来开了一个线程,支持并发
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads # 开启守护线程
t.start()

  在线程中执行该类下的process_requsest_thread()方法,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_45

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_46

  到此为止,链接建立成功!

  下面,我们来看看,当有消息发送,是如何进行处理的。

  当有消息发送,selector监听到了,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_47

def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
self.__is_shut_down.clear()
try:

with _ServerSelector() as selector:
selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)# 监听了活动链接

while not self.__shutdown_request:
ready = selector.select(poll_interval)
if ready: # 准备好了
self._handle_request_noblock() # 进入处理

self.service_actions()
finally:
self.__shutdown_request = False
self.__is_shut_down.set()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_SocketServer_48

  下面我们跟进_handle_request_noblock(),

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_49

def _handle_request_noblock(self):
try:
request, client_address = self.get_request()
except OSError:
return
if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
try:
self.process_request(request, client_address)
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
self.shutdown_request(request)
except:
self.shutdown_request(request)
raise
else:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_实例化_50

  我们到process_request()看看:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_51

def process_request(self, request, client_address):
"""Start a new thread to process the request."""
t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread, # start a threading to handle the request
args = (request, client_address))
t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
t.start()

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_父类_52

  然后开启线程执行,process_request_thread()方法,

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_53

def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):

try:
self.finish_request(request, client_address) # -----> to Baseserver find
except Exception:
self.handle_error(request, client_address)
finally:
self.shutdown_request(request)

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_Python_54

  然后调用finish_request()方法,现在我们跟进看看,

def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)

  执行了RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self),這个是啥??还记得最开始我们传进来的类保存在哪呢?没错,就是RequestHandlerClass里面,现在这里才开始实例化這个类,也就是说,在这里开始调用我们自己的类了。既然是调用我们自己的类,那么必然要实例化,我们先回到自己创建的类,找找__init__方法。

class MyTCPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
def handle(self):
self.data = self.request.recv(1024).strip()
print("{} wrote:".format(self.client_address[0]))
print(self.data)
self.request.sendall(self.data.upper())

  自己类没有写__init__方法,那么我去它继承的BaseRequestHandler()下面找找看:

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_55

class BaseRequestHandler:
def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
self.request = request # 接受传进来的请求链接
self.client_address = client_address # 客户端的ip/端口
self.server = server #
self.setup()
try:
self.handle()
finally:
self.finish()

def setup(self):
pass

def handle(self):
pass

def finish(self):
pass

Python面试题之解读Socketserver & Tcpserver_TcpServer_56

  我们来看看,它继承类实例化完成了哪些操作:

    调用handle()方法,我们发现,在这个类中也有一个handle()方法,那么这里调用时调用自己写的还是這个类中的呢?

  当然是调用我们自己写!

  至此,我们完成了一次通信的完整过程!

  总结sockerserver整个流程:

    1.开启了线程,支持并发操作

    2.I/O多路复用,监听多个文件描述符!


​​参考​​


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