Twitter的雪花算法SnowFlake，使用Java语言实现。 SnowFlake算法用来生成64位的ID，刚好可以用long整型存储，能够用于分布式系统中生产唯一的ID， 并且生成的ID有大致的顺序。 在这次实现中
Twitter的雪花算法SnowFlake，使用Java语言实现。
SnowFlake算法用来生成64位的ID，刚好可以用long整型存储，能够用于分布式系统中生产唯一的ID， 并且生成的ID有大致的顺序。 在这次实现中，生成的64位ID可以分成5个部分：
0 - 41位时间戳 - 5位数据中心标识 - 5位机器标识 - 12位序列号
5位数据中心标识跟5位机器标识这样的分配仅仅是当前实现中分配的，如果业务有其实的需要，可以按其它的分配比例分配，如10位机器标识，不需要数据中心标识。
生成雪花算法的类，需要使用单例模式，并且需要保证线程安全。
代码来源：https://github.com/beyondfengyu/SnowFlake
/**
* twitter的snowflake算法 -- java实现
*
* @author beyond
* @date 2016/11/26
*/
public class SnowFlake {
/**
* 起始的时间戳
*/
private final static long START_STMP = 1480166465631L;
/**
* 每一部分占用的位数
*/
private final static long SEQUENCE_BIT = 12; //序列号占用的位数
private final static long MACHINE_BIT = 5; //机器标识占用的位数
private final static long DATACENTER_BIT = 5;//数据中心占用的位数
/**
* 每一部分的最大值
*/
private final static long MAX_DATACENTER_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << DATACENTER_BIT);
private final static long MAX_MACHINE_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << MACHINE_BIT);
private final static long MAX_SEQUENCE = -1L ^ (-1L << SEQUENCE_BIT);
/**
* 每一部分向左的位移
*/
private final static long MACHINE_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT;
private final static long DATACENTER_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT + MACHINE_BIT;
private final static long TIMESTMP_LEFT = DATACENTER_LEFT + DATACENTER_BIT;
private long datacenterId; //数据中心
private long machineId; //机器标识
private long sequence = 0L; //序列号
private long lastStmp = -1L;//上一次时间戳
public SnowFlake(long datacenterId, long machineId) {
if (datacenterId > MAX_DATACENTER_NUM || datacenterId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("datacenterId can't be greater than MAX_DATACENTER_NUM or less than 0");
}
if (machineId > MAX_MACHINE_NUM || machineId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("machineId can't be greater than MAX_MACHINE_NUM or less than 0");
}
this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
this.machineId = machineId;
}
/**
* 产生下一个ID
*
* @return
*/
public synchronized long nextId() {
long currStmp = getNewstmp();
if (currStmp < lastStmp) {
throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id");
}
if (currStmp == lastStmp) {
//相同毫秒内，序列号自增
sequence = (sequence + 1) & MAX_SEQUENCE;
//同一毫秒的序列数已经达到最大
if (sequence == 0L) {
currStmp = getNextMill();
}
} else {
//不同毫秒内，序列号置为0
sequence = 0L;
}
lastStmp = currStmp;
return (currStmp - START_STMP) << TIMESTMP_LEFT //时间戳部分
| datacenterId << DATACENTER_LEFT //数据中心部分
| machineId << MACHINE_LEFT //机器标识部分
| sequence; //序列号部分
}
private long getNextMill() {
long mill = getNewstmp();
while (mill <= lastStmp) {
mill = getNewstmp();
}
return mill;
}
private long getNewstmp() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SnowFlake snowFlake = new SnowFlake(2, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < (1 << 12); i++) {
System.out.println(snowFlake.nextId());
}
}
}
hutool工具包版本雪花算法：
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.3.10</version>
</dependency>
@Component
@Slf4j
public class SnowflakeConfig {
@JsonFormat(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING)
private long workerId = 0;//为终端ID
private long datacenterId = 1;//数据中心ID
private Snowflake snowflake = IdUtil.createSnowflake(workerId,datacenterId);
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
workerId = NetUtil.ipv4ToLong(NetUtil.getLocalhostStr());
log.info("当前机器的workId:{}",workerId);
}
public synchronized long snowflakeId(){
return snowflake.nextId();
}
public synchronized long snowflakeId(long workerId,long datacenterId){
Snowflake snowflake = IdUtil.createSnowflake(workerId, datacenterId);
return snowflake.nextId();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(NetUtil.getLocalhostStr());
}
}
容器环境下，解决不同实例机器id重复问题：
@Component
public class SnowFlake {
/**
* 起始的时间戳
*/
private final static long START_STMP = 1480166465631L;
/**
* 每一部分占用的位数
*/
private final static long SEQUENCE_BIT = 12; //序列号占用的位数
private final static long MACHINE_BIT = 5; //机器标识占用的位数
private final static long DATACENTER_BIT = 5;//数据中心占用的位数
/**
* 每一部分的最大值
*/
private final static long MAX_DATACENTER_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << DATACENTER_BIT);
private final static long MAX_MACHINE_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << MACHINE_BIT);
private final static long MAX_SEQUENCE = -1L ^ (-1L << SEQUENCE_BIT);
/**
* 每一部分向左的位移
*/
private final static long MACHINE_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT;
private final static long DATACENTER_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT + MACHINE_BIT;
private final static long TIMESTMP_LEFT = DATACENTER_LEFT + DATACENTER_BIT;
private long datacenterId; //数据中心
private long machineId; //机器标识
private long sequence = 0L; //序列号
private long lastStmp = -1L;//上一次时间戳
private static SnowFlake snowFlake;
public SnowFlake(long datacenterId, long machineId) {
if (datacenterId > MAX_DATACENTER_NUM || datacenterId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("datacenterId can't be greater than MAX_DATACENTER_NUM or less than 0");
}
if (machineId > MAX_MACHINE_NUM || machineId < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("machineId can't be greater than MAX_MACHINE_NUM or less than 0");
}
this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
this.machineId = machineId;
}
public static long getNextId() {
return snowFlake.nextId();
}
/**
* 产生下一个ID
*
* @return
*/
public synchronized long nextId() {
long currStmp = getNewstmp();
if (currStmp < lastStmp) {
throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id");
}
if (currStmp == lastStmp) {
//相同毫秒内，序列号自增
sequence = (sequence + 1) & MAX_SEQUENCE;
//同一毫秒的序列数已经达到最大
if (sequence == 0L) {
currStmp = getNextMill();
}
} else {
//不同毫秒内，序列号置为0
sequence = 0L;
}
lastStmp = currStmp;
return (currStmp - START_STMP) << TIMESTMP_LEFT //时间戳部分
| datacenterId << DATACENTER_LEFT //数据中心部分
| machineId << MACHINE_LEFT //机器标识部分
| sequence; //序列号部分
}
private long getNextMill() {
long mill = getNewstmp();
while (mill <= lastStmp) {
mill = getNewstmp();
}
return mill;
}
private long getNewstmp() {
return System.currentTimeMillis();
}
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
@PostConstruct
public void initWorkerId() {
Long increment = redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("snow_flake_key");
// long machineId = (increment % (MAX_MACHINE_NUM + 1));
long machineId = (increment % 32L);
snowFlake = new SnowFlake(1, machineId);
}
}
缺点：一部分机器很稳定，一部分部机器在频繁重启，还是会出现机器id重复，只要能保证每次都是全部实例重启就可以了。
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