将定制RPM包加入内部Yum Server

# cat /etc/redhat-release  

CentOS release 5.8 (Final)  

# uname -r  

2.6.18-308.el5  

# uname -m  

x86_64

# ls /usr/src  

debug kernels redhat  

# ls /usr/src/redhat/  

BUILD RPMS SOURCES SPECS SRPMS

# mkdir -p  /home/zxp/{BUILD,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}

# cat haproxy.spec  

Summary: HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy for high availability environments       #软件摘要信息  

Name: haproxy       #软件名称  

Version: 1.4.22     #软件版本

Release: 20130106_hexun_as5  #软件分支版本

License: GPL                 #软件版权

Group: System Environment/Daemons  #软件所属分类

URL: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/       #软件主页

Source0: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz #源码位置

BuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-root  #安装目录

BuildRequires: pcre-devel               #编译依赖软件包

Requires: /sbin/chkconfig, /sbin/service #安装依赖软件包

%description  #软件详细的描述信息

HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy which is particularly suited for high  

availability environments. Indeed, it can:  

- route HTTP requests depending on statically assigned cookies  

- spread the load among several servers while assuring server persistence  

 through the use of HTTP cookies  

- switch to backup servers in the event a main one fails  

- accept connections to special ports dedicated to service monitoring  

- stop accepting connections without breaking existing ones  

- add/modify/delete HTTP headers both ways  

- block requests matching a particular pattern  

It needs very little resource. Its event-driven architecture allows it to easily  

handle thousands of simultaneous connections on hundreds of instances without  

risking the system's stability.  

# %prep定义了构建前要做的准备，通常是%setup定义如何解包

%prep        

%setup -q  

# We don't want any perl dependecies in this RPM:  

%define __perl_requires /bin/true #定义不使用perl依赖关系

%build #编译源码命令，通常是./configure && make，根据具体包安装方法而定

%{__make} ARCH=%{_target_cpu} TARGET=linux26  

%install  #安装阶段  

[ "%{buildroot}" != "/" ] && %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}  

%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_sbindir}  

%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/rc.d/init.d  

%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/%{name}  

%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/  

%{__install} -s %{name} %{buildroot}%{_sbindir}/  

%{__install} -c -m 644 examples/%{name}.cfg %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/%{name}/  

%{__install} -c -m 755 examples/%{name}.init %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/rc.d/init.d/%{name}  

%{__install} -c -m 755 doc/%{name}.1 %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/  

%clean  #清理BUILD目录阶段

[ "%{buildroot}" != "/" ] && %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}  

%post   #安装后制定的脚本

/sbin/chkconfig --add %{name}

%preun #卸载前执行的脚本

if [ $1 = 0 ]; then

 /sbin/service %{name} stop >/dev/null 2>&1 || :  

 /sbin/chkconfig --del %{name}

fi  

%postun  #卸载后执行的脚本

if [ "$1" -ge "1" ]; then

 /sbin/service %{name} condrestart >/dev/null 2>&1 || :  

fi  

%files  #文件列表，主要是设置安装rpm包后的文件、目录属性

%defattr(-,root,root)  #定义默认属性

%doc CHANGELOG TODO examples/*.cfg doc/haproxy-en.txt doc/haproxy-fr.txt doc/architecture.txt doc/configuration.txt #指定软件文档

%doc %{_mandir}/man1/%{name}.1*          #指定man帮助文档  

%attr(0755,root,root) %{_sbindir}/%{name}  #单独指定目录属性  

%dir %{_sysconfdir}/%{name}               #定义软件安装目录  

%attr(0644,root,root) %config(noreplace) %{_sysconfdir}/%{name}/%{name}.cfg   #单独指定文件属性  

%attr(0755,root,root) %config %{_sysconfdir}/rc.d/init.d/%{name} #单独指定文件属性

%changelog   #软件升级日志

* Tue Aug 14 2012 Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>  

- updated to 1.4.22  

…………略………………  

* Thu Oct 16 2003 Simon Matter <simon.matter@invoca.ch>  

- initial build  

# cd SRPMS/  

# wget http://1wt.eu/tools/haproxy/src/devel/haproxy-1.2.3-1.src.rpm  

# rpm -ivh haproxy-1.2.3-1.src.rpm  

  1:haproxy                ########################################### [100%]  

# ls /usr/src/redhat/{SOURCES,SPECS}  

/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES:  

haproxy-1.2.3.tar.gz  

/usr/src/redhat/SPECS:  

haproxy.spec  

# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS  

# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS  

# cp haproxy.spec haproxy.spec_bak$(date +%F)  

# ls  

haproxy.spec  haproxy.spec_bak2013-01-06  

# tar zxf haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz  

# cd haproxy-1.4.22  

# ll haproxy.spec    

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 7442 Aug 14 15:09 haproxy.spec  

#cd haproxy-1.4.22/examples/  

# ls  

haproxy.spec  

# cp haproxy.spec  /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/

# cp haproxy.spec  haproxy.spec.$(date +%F)

# pwd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS  

# vim haproxy.spec  

[root@study02 SPECS]# diff haproxy.spec haproxy.spec.2013-01-07  

4c4  

< Release: 20130106_hexun_as5  

---

> Release: 1  

36c36  

< %{__make} ARCH=%{_target_cpu} TARGET=linux26  

---

> %{__make} USE_PCRE=1 DEBUG="" ARCH=%{_target_cpu} TARGET=linux26  

# pwd  

/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES  

# wget http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz  

# ls haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz  

# yum install rpm-build -y

# yum -y  install pcre-devel

# rpmbuild  -v -ba SPECS/haproxy.spec

Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.44698  

+ umask 022  

+ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD  

+ LANG=C  

+ export LANG  

+ unset DISPLAY  

+ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD  

+ rm -rf haproxy-1.4.22  

+ /bin/gzip -dc /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz  

+ tar -xf -  

+ STATUS=0  

…………略………………  

Wrote: /usr/src/redhat/SRPMS/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.src.rpm  

Wrote: /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm  

Wrote: /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-debuginfo-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm  

Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.75459  

+ umask 022  

+ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD  

+ cd haproxy-1.4.22  

+ '[' /var/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22-root '!=' / ']'

+ /bin/rm -rf /var/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22-root  

+ exit 0  #注意输出status为0 即创建过程错误

# rpm -qpl   /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm  

/etc/haproxy  

/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg  

/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy  

/usr/sbin/haproxy  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/CHANGELOG  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/TODO  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/acl-content-sw.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/architecture.txt  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/auth.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/build.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/configuration.txt  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/content-sw-sample.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/cttproxy-src.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/examples.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/haproxy-en.txt  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/haproxy-fr.txt  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/haproxy.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/option-http_proxy.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/tarpit.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/test-section-kw.cfg  

/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/url-switching.cfg  

/usr/share/man/man1/haproxy.1.gz

# rpm -qpi   /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm  

Name        : haproxy                      Relocations: (not relocatable)  

Version     : 1.4.22                            Vendor: (none)  

Release     : 20130106_hexun_as5            Build Date: Mon 07 Jan 2013 09:36:21 AM CST  

Install Date: (not installed)               Build Host: study02  

Group       : System Environment/Daemons    Source RPM: haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.src.rpm  

Size        : 1275757                          License: GPL  

Signature   : (none)  

URL         : http://haproxy.1wt.eu/  

Summary     : HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy for high availability environments  

Description :  

HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy which is particularly suited for high  

availability environments. Indeed, it can:  

- route HTTP requests depending on statically assigned cookies  

- spread the load among several servers while assuring server persistence  

through the use of HTTP cookies  

- switch to backup servers in the event a main one fails  

- accept connections to special ports dedicated to service monitoring  

- stop accepting connections without breaking existing ones  

- add/modify/delete HTTP headers both ways  

- block requests matching a particular pattern  

It needs very little resource. Its event-driven architecture allows it to easily  

handle thousands of simultaneous connections on hundreds of instances without  

risking the system's stability.  

[root@study01 tools]# rpm -ivh haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm  

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]  

  1:haproxy                ########################################### [100%]  

[root@study01 tools]# ls  

haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm  

[root@study01 tools]# ls /etc/haproxy/ #安装目录及主配置文件

haproxy.cfg  

[root@study01 tools]# ll /etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy  #服务启动文件

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2553 Jan 7 09:36 /etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy  

[root@study01 tools]# ll /etc/init.d/haproxy  

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2553 Jan 7 09:36 /etc/init.d/haproxy  

[root@study01 tools]# rpm -qf /etc/init.d/haproxy  #查看软件所属软件包

haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5  

[root@hxinstall 5ASU8]# cd /opt/ftp/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/  

[root@hxinstall Centos5.8]# ls  

dvd install  

# cd RPMS.hexun/  

# ls  

haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm  

[root@hxinstall RPMS.hexun]# createrepo /opt/ftp/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/RPMS.hexun  

1/1 - haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm                                

Saving Primary metadata  

Saving file lists metadata  

Saving other metadata  

# yum-arch -l /opt/ftp/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/RPMS.hexun  

# ls  

haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm headers repodata  

cat << EOF >>  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo  

[hexun]  

name= hexun rpm  

baseurl=http://10.0.251.154/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/RPMS.hexun  

gpgcheck=0  

EOF  

# yum  remove  haproxy   -y    

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror  

Setting up Remove Process  

Resolving Dependencies  

--> Running transaction check

---> Package haproxy.x86_64 0:1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5 set to be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved  

===================================================================================  

Package       Arch         Version                          Repository       Size

===================================================================================  

Removing:  

haproxy       x86_64       1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5        installed       1.2 M  

Transaction Summary  

===================================================================================  

Remove        1 Package(s)  

Reinstall     0 Package(s)  

Downgrade     0 Package(s)  

Downloading Packages:  

Running rpm_check_debug  

Running Transaction Test  

Finished Transaction Test  

Transaction Test Succeeded  

Running Transaction

 Erasing        : haproxy                                                     1/1  

Removed:  #已经成功卸载  

 haproxy.x86_64 0:1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5  

Complete!  

# rpmbuild -v -ba SPECS/haproxy.spec  

error: File /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz: No such file or directory  

# cd /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/  

[root@study02 SOURCES]# wget http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz  

# rpmbuild -v -ba SPECS/haproxy.spec                                

error: Failed build dependencies:  

       pcre-devel is needed by haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64  

# yum -y install pcre-devel      

Usage: rpmbuild [ <specfile> | <tarball> | <source package> ]  

Usage: rpm [OPTION...]  

（1）rpm -qx file_name, x={f,i,l,a,p...}, file_name可以是命令名、动态库名称、配置文件名等等。  

使用此命令的前提：相应的rpm包已经安装。  

rpm -qf file：查询文件file是哪个rpm包中的；rpm -qf `which your_cmd`, rpm -qf `locate file_name`  

rpm -qi rpm_name：查看指定rpm包安装的详细信息；  

rpm -ql installed_rpm_name：列出已经安装的rpm包中包含了哪些文件及他们的安装路径。如rpm -ql iptraf  

用以下选项与 -q 连用来指明要查询哪些软件包的信息。这些选项被称之为“软件包指定选项”：  

-a 查询所有已安装的软件包。  

-f <file> 将查询包含有文件 <file>的软件包。  

-p <packagefile> 查询软件包文件名为 <packagefile>的包。  

有几种方式来指定查询软件包时所显示的信息。 以下选项可通过读取rpm包头部的办法显示rpm包的信息，这样的选项被称作“信息选择选项”：  

-i 显示软件包信息，如描述、发行号、大小、编译日期、安装日期、硬件平台、以及其它一些各类信息。  

-l 列出软件包中包含的文件。（列出已经安装的rpm包中包含了哪些文件及他们的安装路径）  

-s 显示软件包中所有文件的状态。  

-d 列出被标注为文档的文件 (如，man 手册、 info 信息、README，等等) 。  

-c 列出被标注为配置文件的文件。这些文件是需要在安装完毕后加以定制的，如 (sendmail.cf, passwd, inittab, 等) 。  

如果要在执行上述选项的同时，显示文件列表, 可以同时使用 -v 命令行选项，就能得出与 ls -l 格式类似的输出。  

（2）查看未安装的rpm/src.rpm包中包含的文件列表  

－ 在本地暂时只能使用（4）中提供的方法；  

－ 通过rpmfind.net等网站进行查询；  

（3）rpm -ivh xxx.rpm：重新安装；（和-Uvh相比，建议用-ivh）  

rpm -ivh --relocate /=/tmp/test/ xxx.rpm

（4）rpm2cpio xxx.rpm/xxx.src.rpm：将rpm解压为cpio归档；  

rpm2cpio xxx.rpm/xxx.src.rpm | cpio -idmv (rpm2cpio xxx.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories)

参数-i(或--extract)表示提取文件； v表示指示执行进程；-d(或--make-directory)表示根据包中文件原来的路径建立目录；m表示保持文件的更新时间。