本文参考自《Python编程：从入门到实践》，作者：Eric Matthes，译者：袁国忠
操作
语法
举例
结果
修改元素
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print (motocycles)
motocycles[0] = 'ducati'
print (motocycles)
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
添加元素
在列表末尾添加元素：append()
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print (motocycles)
motocycles.append('ducati')
print (motocycles)
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
在列表中插入元素：insert()
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print (motocycles)
motocycels.insert(0, 'ducati')
print (motocycles)
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['ducati', 'honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
删除元素
根据索引删除：del，无法继续使用
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print (motocycles)
del motocycles[1]
print (motocycles)
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'suzuki']
删除末尾的元素：pop()，可以继续使用
也可以根据索引删除，如motocycles.pop(0)
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print (motocycles)
popped_motocycle = motocycles.pop()
print (motocycles)
print (popped_motocycle)
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
['honda', 'yamaha']
suzuki
不知道索引时，根据值删除元素：remove()，可以继续使用
motocycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki'， 'ducati']
print (motocycles)
too_expensive = 'ducati'
motocycles.remove(too_expensive)
print (motocycles)
print (too_expensive)
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
ducati
元素排序
无返回值，彻底改变原值
永久性排序：sort()
反方向排序：sort(reverse = True)
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print (cars)
cars.sort()
print (cars)
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort(reverse = True)
print (cars)
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']
有返回值，原值不会变
临时性排序：sorted()
反方向排序：sorted(reverse = True)
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print (cars)
print (sorted(cars))
print (cars)
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
无返回值，彻底改变原值
永久性反转列表元素的排列顺序：reverse()
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print (cars)
cars.reverse()
print (cars)
cars.reverse()
print (cars)
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
['subaru', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
有返回值，不会改变原值
临时性反转列表的排列顺序：[: : -1]
num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
num_new = num[::-1]
print(num_new)
print(num)
[4, 3, 2, 1]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
合并列表
+或extend
A = [1, 2, 3, 4]
B = [5, 6, 7, 8]
A = A + B 或 A.extend(B)
print(A)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]