Semaphore源码解析

1. 构造函数

public Semaphore(int permits) {
sync = new NonfairSync(permits);
}

public Semaphore(int permits, boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync(permits) : new NonfairSync(permits);
}

permits：获取许可的数量

fair：有公平和非公平

2. FairSync与NonfairSync

abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1192457210091910933L;

Sync(int permits) {
setState(permits);
}

final int getPermits() {
return getState();
}

final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
for (;;) {
int available = getState();
int remaining = available - acquires;
if (remaining < 0 ||
compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
return remaining;
}
}

protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
for (;;) {
int current = getState();
int next = current + releases;
if (next < current) // overflow
throw new Error("Maximum permit count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(current, next))
return true;
}
}

final void reducePermits(int reductions) {
for (;;) {
int current = getState();
int next = current - reductions;
if (next > current) // underflow
throw new Error("Permit count underflow");
if (compareAndSetState(current, next))
return;
}
}

final int drainPermits() {
for (;;) {
int current = getState();
if (current == 0 || compareAndSetState(current, 0))
return current;
}
}
}

/**
* NonFair version
*/
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2694183684443567898L;

NonfairSync(int permits) {
super(permits);
}

protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
return nonfairTryAcquireShared(acquires);
}
}

/**
* Fair version
*/
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2014338818796000944L;

FairSync(int permits) {
super(permits);
}

protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
for (;;) {
if (hasQueuedPredecessors())
return -1;
int available = getState();
int remaining = available - acquires;
if (remaining < 0 ||
compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
return remaining;
}
}
}

公平与非公平就有一行代码的差别：

if (hasQueuedPredecessors())
return -1;

​​hasQueuedPredecessors​​方法用来检测是否有等待的线程，如果有等待线程，此线程也会加入到等待队列中，不会去抢state，而非公平没有这行代码，所以会和等待中的线程一起抢state。

3. 调用acquire()方法时流程

public void acquire() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}

public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
}

内部调用的​​tryAcquireShared()​​方法，如果获取状态成功，返回剩余的state，否则返回-1，返回-1时会加入等待队列，阻塞

private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
throws InterruptedException {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
try {
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
return;
}
}
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
throw new InterruptedException();
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
cancelAcquire(node);
throw t;
}
}

4. 调用release()方法流程

public void release() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}

public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
doReleaseShared();
return true;
}
return false;
}

​​tryReleaseShared()​​​，为重写的方法，增加state状态的值，然后返回true，然后调用​​doReleaseShared()​​方法，会唤醒头结点后面等待的线程。

private void doReleaseShared() {
for (;;) {
Node h = head;
if (h != null && h != tail) {
int ws = h.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
if (!h.compareAndSetWaitStatus(Node.SIGNAL, 0))
continue; // loop to recheck cases
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
else if (ws == 0 &&
!h.compareAndSetWaitStatus(0, Node.PROPAGATE))
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
if (h == head) // loop if head changed
break;
}
}

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