先给猴急的客官上干货代码
GitHub
接入微信JSSDK GitHub地址
Gitee
接入微信JSSDK GitHub地址
前言
事情的起因是因为疫情严重,领导要求做一个专题页,能够尽可能帮助所需要的人。 于是乎本狗与同事挑灯奋战,加班加点赶工出来。 部署上线完成,用微信内置浏览器分享后,理想状态应该是这样的,如下图⬇️
但是,结果却不是理想的这样,默默地留下了没有技术的泪水,如下图⬇️
竟然没有关键字和展示图片,在本菜狗的不懈努力下,终于承认技术不行,去请教了大佬,得出如下结论。
- 1.微信内置浏览器分享若需要自定义展示描述及右侧封面图,必须接入微信JSSDK,并且一定需要有配合本站的微信公众号(appId和appSecret)才可自定义分享,切记小程序(appId和appSecret)的不可以
- 2.非微信分享,如QQ浏览器,UC浏览器等各大厂商,会根据自身定义获取HTML页面中的TDK(title,description,keyword),举例UC浏览器分享⬇️ 所以,对接微信JSSDK,势在必行!
Tip
史上最详细的接入微信JSSDK菜鸟教程,本文全面的记录了接入微信JSSDK的步骤,具体的代码及遇到的坑,并且展示发布最终效果,并将代码发布GitHub。随篇幅较长,但史上最全。大佬勿喷,新手入门,亲测可用!!!
本文试用人群
- 需要接入微信JSSDK却看不懂文档的同学
- 看懂文档但是实操不知如何下手的同学
- 下了手但是出错不知道如何调试修改的同学
- 成功接入过但是想重温具体流程的同学
本文目标
- 实战进行H5网站微信自定义分享
- 实战进行H5网站调取相册选取图片
放松心态,慢慢来看
正文
官方文档
任何平台接入,官方文档是标杆,虽有些关键点一笔带过,我们也要通读有个印象,点击微信官方文档打开文档,如下⬇️
总览
- 1.x是接入关键步骤,需仔细品读,与接入有关
- 2.x - 12.x 具体接口接入,需要对接时具体参考
- 13.x 需要注意下,api_ticket 微信临时票据,与接入有关
- 16-22 均是附录,可查阅错误列表对应含义,及接口菜单列表等描述
实操步骤
使用IDEA工具,新建SpringBoot项目,项目名为springboot-wexin,目录结构如下
AjaxJson.java - 自定义接口返回前台数据格式的封装类
/** * Copyright © 2005-2020 <a href="http://www.jhmis.com/">jhmis</a> All rights reserved. */package net.javadog.springbootwexin.common;import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;import java.util.LinkedHashMap;import java.util.List;/** * $.ajax后需要接受的JSON * */public class AjaxJson { private boolean success = true;// 是否成功 private String errorCode = "-1";//错误代码 private String msg = "操作成功";// 提示信息 private Long count; //返回表格记录数量 private List<?> data; //返回表格数据 private LinkedHashMap<String, Object> body = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();//封装json的map public static AjaxJson ok(){ AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson(); return j; } public static AjaxJson ok(String msg){ AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson(); j.setMsg(msg); return j; } public static AjaxJson ok(String msg, Object object){ AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson(); j.setMsg(msg); j.setResult(object); return j; } public static AjaxJson ok(Object object){ AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson(); j.setResult(object); return j; } public static AjaxJson fail(String errorMsg){ AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson(); j.setSuccess(false); j.setErrorCode("999");//默认错误码 j.setMsg(errorMsg); return j; } public static AjaxJson fail(String errorCode,String errorMsg){ AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson(); j.setSuccess(false); j.setErrorCode(errorCode); j.setMsg(errorMsg); return j; } //返回不分页的layui表数据 public static AjaxJson layuiTable(List<?> list){ AjaxJson j = new AjaxJson(); j.setSuccess(true); j.setCount(Long.valueOf(list.size())); j.setData(list); return j; } public LinkedHashMap<String, Object> getBody() { return body; } public void setBody(LinkedHashMap<String, Object> body) { this.body = body; } public void put(String key, Object value){//向json中添加属性,在js中访问,请调用data.map.key body.put(key, value); } public void remove(String key){ body.remove(key); } /** * 直接设置result内容 * @param result */ public void setResult(Object result){ body.put("result", result); } @JsonIgnore//返回对象时忽略此属性 public Object getResult(){ return body.get("result"); } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) {//向json中添加属性,在js中访问,请调用data.msg this.msg = msg; } public boolean isSuccess() { return success; } public void setSuccess(boolean success) { this.success = success; } public void setErrorCode(String errorCode) { this.errorCode = errorCode; } public String getErrorCode() { return errorCode; } public Long getCount() { return count; } public void setCount(Long count) { this.count = count; } public List<?> getData() { return data; } public void setData(List<?> data) { this.data = data; }}WxInitController.java - 微信初始化接入Controller控制器
package net.javadog.springbootwexin.controller;import net.javadog.springbootwexin.common.AjaxJson;import net.javadog.springbootwexin.service.WxService;import net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils.WxUtil;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.Map;/** * 一个低端小气没档次的程序狗 JavaDog * blog.javadog.net * * @BelongsProject: springboot-wexin * @BelongsPackage: net.javadog.springbootwexin.controller * @Author: hdx * @CreateTime: 2020-02-14 14:52 * @Description: 微信初始化接入Controller控制器 */@RestController@RequestMapping("/weixin")public class WxInitController { protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass()); @Autowired private WxService wxService; /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 20:39 2020/2/14 *@param: shareUrl 分享url地址 *@Description: 初始化微信JSSDK Config信息 1.先通过appId和appSecret参数请求指定微信地址 获取AccessToken 2.在通过第一步中的AccessToken作为参数请求微信地址 获取jsapi_ticket临时票据(此处不考虑调用频率,使用者根据情况放入缓存或定时任务) 3.通过第二步的JssdkGetticket和timestamp,nonceStr,url作为参数请求微信地址,获取签名signature 4.将第三步获得的signature和jsapi_ticket,nonceStr,timestamp,url返回给前端,作为Config初始化验证的信息 */ @RequestMapping("/initWXJSSDKConfigInfo") public AjaxJson initWXJSConfig (@RequestParam(required = false) String url) throws Exception{ logger.info("url=" + url); String json = ""; try { Map map = wxService.initJSSDKConfig(url); json = WxUtil.mapToJson(map); }catch (Exception e){ AjaxJson.fail(e.getMessage()); } return AjaxJson.ok(json); }}WxService.java - 初始化JSSDKConfig
package net.javadog.springbootwexin.service;import lombok.Getter;import net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils.WxUtil;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.UUID;/** * 一个低端小气没档次的程序狗 JavaDog * blog.javadog.net * * @BelongsProject: springboot-wexin * @BelongsPackage: net.javadog.springbootwexin.service * @Author: hdx * @CreateTime: 2020-02-14 20:43 * @Description: 微信相关service */@Servicepublic class WxService { @Getter private static String AppId; @Value("${wx.appId}") public void setAppId(String appId) { AppId = appId; } /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 20:46 2020/2/14 *@param: shareUrl 分享的url *@Description: 初始化JSSDKConfig */ public Map initJSSDKConfig(String url) throws Exception { //获取AccessToken String accessToken = WxUtil.getJSSDKAccessToken(); //获取JssdkGetticket String jsapiTicket = WxUtil.getJssdkGetticket(accessToken); String timestamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000); String nonceStr = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); String signature = WxUtil.buildJSSDKSignature(jsapiTicket,timestamp,nonceStr,url); Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>(); map.put("url", url); map.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapiTicket); map.put("nonceStr", nonceStr); map.put("timestamp", timestamp); map.put("signature", signature); map.put("appid", AppId); return map; }}WxUtil.java - 微信工具类
package net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils;import com.google.gson.Gson;import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;import lombok.Getter;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import java.security.MessageDigest;import java.util.Map;/** * 一个低端小气没档次的程序狗 JavaDog * blog.javadog.net * * @BelongsProject: springboot-wexin * @BelongsPackage: net.javadog.springbootwexin.utils * @Author: hdx * @CreateTime: 2020-02-14 21:19 * @Description: 微信工具类 */@Componentpublic class WxUtil { @Getter protected static String AppId; @Getter protected static String AppSecret; @Getter protected static String JssdkAccesstokenUrl; @Getter protected static String JssdkGetticketUrl; @Value("${wx.appId}") public void setAppId(String appId) { AppId = appId; } @Value("${wx.appSecret}") public void setAppSecret(String appSecret) { AppSecret = appSecret; } @Value("${wx.jssdk_accesstoken_url}") public void setJssdkAccesstokenUrl(String jssdkAccesstokenUrl) { JssdkAccesstokenUrl = jssdkAccesstokenUrl; } @Value("${wx.jssdk_getticket_url}") public void setJssdkGetticketUrl(String jssdkGetticketUrl) { JssdkGetticketUrl = jssdkGetticketUrl; } /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 21:31 2020/2/14 *@param: * @param null *@Description: */ public static String getJSSDKAccessToken() { String token = null; String url = JssdkAccesstokenUrl.replaceAll("APPID", AppId).replaceAll("APPSECRET", AppSecret); String json = postRequestForWeiXinService(url); Map map = jsonToMap(json); if (map != null) { token = (String) map.get("access_token"); } return token; } /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 21:40 2020/2/14 *@param: * @param null *@Description: 根据accessToken获取JssdkGetticket */ public static String getJssdkGetticket(String accessToken) { String url = JssdkGetticketUrl.replaceAll("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken); String json = postRequestForWeiXinService(url); Map map = jsonToMap(json); String jsapi_ticket = null; if (map != null) { jsapi_ticket = (String) map.get("ticket"); } return jsapi_ticket; } /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 21:41 2020/2/14 *@param:ticket 根据accessToken生成的JssdkGetticket *@param:timestamp 支付签名时间戳,注意微信jssdk中的所有使用timestamp字段均为小写。但最新版的支付后台生成签名使用的timeStamp字段名需大写其中的S字符 *@param:nonceStr 随机字符串 *@param:url 当前网页的URL *@Description: 构建分享链接的签名 */ public static String buildJSSDKSignature(String ticket,String timestamp,String nonceStr ,String url) throws Exception { String orderedString = "jsapi_ticket=" + ticket + "&noncestr=" + nonceStr + "×tamp=" + timestamp + "&url=" + url; return sha1(orderedString); } /** * sha1 加密JSSDK微信配置参数获取签名。 * * @return */ public static String sha1(String orderedString) throws Exception { String ciphertext = null; MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); byte[] digest = md.digest(orderedString.getBytes()); ciphertext = byteToStr(digest); return ciphertext.toLowerCase(); } /** * 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串 * * @param byteArray * @return */ private static String byteToStr(byte[] byteArray) { String strDigest = ""; for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) { strDigest += byteToHexStr(byteArray[i]); } return strDigest; } /** * 将字节转换为十六进制字符串 * * @param mByte * @return */ private static String byteToHexStr(byte mByte) { char[] Digit = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' }; char[] tempArr = new char[2]; tempArr[0] = Digit[(mByte >>> 4) & 0X0F]; tempArr[1] = Digit[mByte & 0X0F]; String s = new String(tempArr); return s; } /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 21:49 2020/2/14 *@param: map *@Description: mapToJson */ public static String mapToJson(Map map){ Gson gson = new Gson(); String json = gson.toJson(map); return json; } /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 21:37 2020/2/14 *@param: json *@Description: jsonToMap */ private static Map jsonToMap(String json) { Gson gons = new Gson(); Map map = gons.fromJson(json, new TypeToken<Map>(){}.getType()); return map; } /** *@Author: hdx *@CreateTime: 21:36 2020/2/14 *@param: * @param null *@Description: 调取微信接口 */ private static String postRequestForWeiXinService(String getAccessTokenUrl) { RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); ResponseEntity<String> postForEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(getAccessTokenUrl, null, String.class); String json = postForEntity.getBody(); return json; }}SpringbootWexinApplication.java - SpringBoot启动类
package net.javadog.springbootwexin;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class SpringbootWexinApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringbootWexinApplication.class, args); }}config/application.yml - 基础配置文件
spring: profiles: #激活配置文件 active: prod #配置静态资源路径 resources: static-locations: classpath:/static/#日志相关logging: #配置文件日志路径 config: classpath:logback-spring.xml#微信相关配置wx: #appId (到时候换成自己公众号的) appId: wx4ad618620f8c3528 #appSecret(到时候换成自己公众号的) appSecret: b772c7863b29e270aa86e40f9b9e6215 #参考以下文档获取access_token(有效期7200秒,开发者必须在自己的服务全局缓存access_token) jssdk_accesstoken_url: https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET #用第一步拿到的access_token 采用http GET方式请求获得jsapi_ticket(有效期7200秒,开发者必须在自己的服务全局缓存jsapi_ticket) jssdk_getticket_url: https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&type=jsapiapplication-dev.yml -开发配置文件(可选)
# 开发环境配置spring: profiles: dev#端口设置server: port: 8000application-prod.yml -生产配置文件(因JS接口安全域名限制,则采取正式生产配置)
# 生产环境配置spring: profiles: prod#端口设置server: port: 8002application-test.yml -测试配置文件(可选)
# 生产环境配置spring: profiles: prod#端口设置server: port: 8002**demo.html ** - 测试h5页面
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>测试jssdk</title> <!--引入微信JS文件--> <script src="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.2.0.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <!--引入jquery--> <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script><script> //获取当前页面地址 var url = (window.location.href).split('#')[0]; //调取后台接口获取权限验证配置 $.ajax({ type : "get", /*!!!切记到时候改成自己的*/ url : "http://wxjssdk.javadog.net/weixin/initWXJSSDKConfigInfo?url="+url,//替换网址,xxx根据自己jssdk文件位置修改 success : function(data){ console.log("返回值为=" + data); var msg = ""; if(data.success){ msg = JSON.parse(data.msg); } //通过config接口注入权限验证配置 wx.config({ debug: true, // 开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来,若要查看传入的参数,可以在pc端打开,参数信息会通过log打出,仅在pc端时才会打印 appId: msg.appid, timestamp: msg.timestamp, nonceStr: msg.nonceStr, signature: msg.signature, /*!!!切记到时候按需自己选择,参考文档填写*/ jsApiList: [ "onMenuShareAppMessage",//分享给好友 "chooseImage" ] }); }, error:function(data){ alert(JSON.stringify(data)); } }); //通过ready接口处理成功验证 wx.ready(function (){ wx.checkJsApi({ jsApiList: ['chooseImage','onMenuShareAppMessage'], success: function (res) {JSON.stringify(res)} }); var shareData = { title: '标题', desc: '简介',//这里请特别注意是要去除html link: url, imgUrl: 'http://b2b.haier.com/shop/userfiles/sys/1/files/201912/af656b3a-8c2c-424d-937b-a8035deb78f5.jpg' }; wx.onMenuShareAppMessage(shareData); }); //从相册选取图片 function wxchooseImage(){ wx.chooseImage({ count: 1, // 默认9 sizeType: ['original', 'compressed'], // 可以指定是原图还是压缩图,默认二者都有 sourceType: ['album', 'camera'], // 可以指定来源是相册还是相机,默认二者都有 success: function (res) { var localIds = res.localIds; // 返回选定照片的本地ID列表,localId可以作为img标签的src属性显示图片 } }); }</script></head><body><button onclick="wxchooseImage();">点我选取相册</button></body></html>