篇首语：本文由编程笔记#自由互联小编为大家整理，主要介绍了Linux基于IMX6ULL移植Buildroot相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
文章目录
- 1. Buildroot 简介
- 2. 获取 buildroot 源码
- 3. 编译环境配置
- 4. 通过buildroot编译imx6ull
- 5. 修改默认配置适配imx6ull bootloader
- 6. 修改默认配置适配imx6ull kernel
- 8. 编译烧录验证
Buildroot是Linux平台上一个构建嵌入式Linux系统的框架。整个Buildroot是由Makefile脚本和Kconfig配置文件构成的。
你可以和编译Linux内核一样通过buildroot配置menuconfig修改编译出一个完整的可以直接烧写到机器上运行的Linux系统软件(包含uboot、kernel、rootfs以及rootfs中的各种库和应用程序)。
官网使用手册 https://buildroot.org/downloads/manual/manual.html
2. 获取 buildroot 源码buildroot 官方下载地址https://buildroot.org/download.html可以直接点击红框的压缩包进行下载如下
也可以通过git clone最新的buildroot 源码如下
git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot 
3. 编译环境配置
在官网的第二章 System requirements 它描述了对编译环境的要求。必须要安装的工具如下
必须要安装的工具命令如下
sudo apt install -y sed make binutils build-essential gcc g patch gzip bzip2 perl tar cpio unzip rsync file bc wget
安装完成结果如下 
官方提供一些可选的工具包
可选安装的工具命令如下
sudo apt install -y wget python libncurses5 bzr cvs git mercurial rsync subversion
安装完成结果如下 
查看buildroot的配置文件刚好它支持imx6ull公版开发板。如下 
首先拷贝 configs 目录下的 imx6ullevk_defconfig 配置文件到 imx6ullevk_zc_defconfig之后我们直接在此配置文件上进行修改适配操作。
cp configs/imx6ullevk_defconfig configs/imx6ullevk_zc_defconfig
拷贝成功后使用 vim 或 cat 命令查看 imx6ullevk_zc_defconfig 配置文件内都做了那些操作查看发现只有短短的几行配置但是可以看出里面包含了 CPU 架构的配置 kernel uboot 以及 sd镜像和 ext4 镜像的支持在里面并未看到文件系统的支持和增加了那些包我们只能先认为这个配置文件使用了系统默认的配置。
# architectureBR2_armyBR2_cortex_a7yBR2_ARM_FPU_NEON_VFPV4y# Linux headers same as kernel, a 5.7 seriesBR2_PACKAGE_HOST_LINUX_HEADERS_CUSTOM_5_7y# systemBR2_TARGET_GENERIC_GETTY_PORT"ttymxc0"# kernelBR2_LINUX_KERNELyBR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSIONyBR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION_VALUE"5.7.8"BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_DEFCONFIG"imx_v6_v7"BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_DTS_SUPPORTyBR2_LINUX_KERNEL_INTREE_DTS_NAME"imx6ull-14x14-evk"BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_NEEDS_HOST_OPENSSLy# bootloaderBR2_TARGET_UBOOTyBR2_TARGET_UBOOT_BOARDNAME"mx6ull_14x14_evk"BR2_TARGET_UBOOT_CUSTOM_VERSIONyBR2_TARGET_UBOOT_CUSTOM_VERSION_VALUE"2020.07"BR2_TARGET_UBOOT_FORMAT_DTB_IMXyBR2_TARGET_UBOOT_NEEDS_DTCy# required tools to create the SD card imageBR2_PACKAGE_HOST_DOSFSTOOLSyBR2_PACKAGE_HOST_GENIMAGEyBR2_PACKAGE_HOST_MTOOLSy# filesystem / imageBR2_ROOTFS_POST_IMAGE_SCRIPT"board/freescale/common/imx/post-image.sh"BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_EXT2yBR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_EXT2_4y
首先我们可以在 buildroot 根目录下执行 make help 命令来查看 buildroot 都支持那些编译命令常用命令如下
make clean // 表示删除编译生成的 build 缓存文件。make all // 表示开始编译所有。make menuconfig // 表示进入配置文件配置页面用来选择增加或者删除某些包至目标(开发板)。make // 表示包名 - 后面为编译选项可以使用 ls package/ 来查看都支持了那些软件包。make busybox-menuconfig // 表示进入 busybox 配置菜单页面用来增加/删除某些 busybox 配置。make V0|1 // 用来输出编译输出信息等级一般使用 make V1 来查看详细的编译步骤。
通过make help查看支持的指令
编译buildroot命令
make imx6ullevk_zc_defconfigmake all
执行结果如下 
编译成功后会将uboot、kernel和rootfs一起打包成sdcard.img然后将编译生成的 sdcard.img 文件使用 wind32diskimage 烧写至 sd 卡内并设置开发板为 SD 卡启动使用最新的固件 
在配置buildroot的bootloader时需要输入一下的命令
make imx6ullevk_zc_defconfig // 选择配置文件make menuconfig // 通过界面配置
执行make menuconfig后的结果如下
从主菜单选择Bootloader之后进入二级菜单如下红色的框是我们需要配置uboot的配置、uboot git仓库地址、选择uboot仓库的版本id。
Bootloaders ---> 
首先我们修改编译 uboot 所需的配置配置文件名称官方这里使用的是 mx6ull_14x14_evk 的配置我们需要修改为自己板子的配置文件。
Bootloaders --->(mx6ull_14x14_evk_emmc_zc) U-Boot board name 
在uboot的源码中查看我们使用的配置文件为mx6ull_14x14_evk_emmc_zc_defconfig上面配置时不需要加defconfig所以上面填写board name为mx6ull_14x14_evk_emmc_zc。 
为了方便后面的修改源码保存已经上传到我们自定义的 gitee 仓库内所以需要先修改 uboot的版本获取方式,移动到 U-Boot Version 来修改使用自定义 git 仓库。
Bootloaders --->U-Boot Version (Custom Git repository) ---> 
修改自定义的仓库地址和版本
Bootloaders --->()URL of custom repository() Custom repository version 
在配置好需要获取的 uboot 源码和使用的配置文件后我们只需要指定一下编译生成的镜像文件格式根据之前的编译烧写可知imx6ull板子uboot 只需要一个 u-boot-dtb.imx 格式的文件即可这里也只需要选中编译生成 u-boot-dtb.imx 即可其它的无需选择。
Bootloaders ---> U-Boot binary format ---> 
最后保存后退出配置bootloader完成。
单独编译ubootmake uboot-rebuild
make uboot-rebuild
首先确认配置文件没有被清理或者删除接下来我们使用上面配置过 uboot 的配置文件继续配置 linux kernel 为支持 imx6ull我们需要修改如下红框所示的配置。
Kernel ---> 
首先还是先配置内核源码版本获取方式这里我们参考下图所示选择使用自定义的 git 仓库地址。
Kernel ---> Kernel version (Custom Git repository) ---> 
在配置完成使用自定义 git 仓库后会自动新增两个输入框首先输入我们内核源码所在的 gitee 地址和版本。
Kernel ---> () URL of custom repository (NEW)() Custom repository version (NEW) 
输入完成获取源码所需的仓库地址和 commit id 后需要修改配置所需的配置文件名称修改为 imx_v7 (buildroot 编译时会自动加_defconfig 后缀)。
Kernel ---> (imx_v7) Defconfig name 
我们运行内核需要 zImage 和 imx6ull-14x14-evk 设备树文件才可以此时需要修改增加需要编译生成安装的设备文件 imx6ull-14x14-evk 才可以自动编译生成我们需要的文件(buildroot 编译设备树文件时会自动增加.dtb 后缀)。
Kernel ---> (imx6ull-14x14-evk) In-tree Device Tree Source file names 
配置 kernel 后的所有配置项后可以执行保存退出到 buildroot 源码主目录继续执行编译名。
单独编译kernelmake linux-rebuild
make linux-rebuild
所有都配置好后可以执行进行全部编译验证
make all
编译成功后会将uboot、kernel和rootfs一起打包成sdcard.img然后将编译生成的 sdcard.img 文件使用 wind32diskimage 烧写至 sd 卡内并设置开发板为 SD 卡启动使用最新的固件 开机log
U-Boot 2020.04 (Jul 05 2021 - 12:25:58 0800)CPU: i.MX6ULL rev1.1 792 MHz (running at 396 MHz)CPU: Industrial temperature grade (-40C to 105C) at 45CReset cause: PORModel: i.MX6 ULL 14x14 EVK BoardBoard: MX6ULL 14x14 EVKDRAM: 512 MiBMMC: FSL_SDHC: 0, FSL_SDHC: 1Loading Environment from MMC... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment[*]-Video Link 0 (1024 x 600)[0] lcdif21c8000, videoIn: serialOut: serialErr: serialswitch to partitions #0, OKmmc0 is current deviceflash target is MMC:0Net: eth1: ethernet20b4000 [PRIME]Fastboot: NormalNormal BootHit any key to stop autoboot: 3 2 1 0 switch to partitions #0, OKmmc0 is current deviceswitch to partitions #0, OKmmc0 is current device8189384 bytes read in 369 ms (21.2 MiB/s)Booting from mmc ...35442 bytes read in 17 ms (2 MiB/s)Kernel image 0x80800000 [ 0x000000 - 0x7cf5c8 ]## Flattened Device Tree blob at 83000000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x83000000 Using Device Tree in place at 83000000, end 8300ba71Modify /soc/aips-bus2200000/epdc228c000:status disabledft_system_setup for mx6Starting kernel ...[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.4.70 (benjaminubuntu) (gcc version 9.3.0 (Buildroot -g658cfb3-dirty)) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Jul 4 18:28:07 CST 2021[ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr10c5387d[ 0.000000] CPU: div instructions available: patching division code[ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: Freescale i.MX6 ULL 14x14 EVK Board[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc[ 0.000000] Reserved memory: created CMA memory pool at 0x96000000, size 160 MiB[ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node linux,cma, compatible id shared-dma-pool[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 15 pages/cpu s32076 r8192 d21172 u61440[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 129920[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: consolettymxc0,115200 root/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait rw[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off[ 0.000000] Memory: 335464K/524288K available (12288K kernel code, 578K rwdata, 4288K rodata, 1024K init, 435K bss, 24984K reserved, 163840K cma-reserved, 0K highmem)[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign64, Order0-3, MinObjects0, CPUs1, Nodes1[ 0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS4 to nr_cpu_ids1.[ 0.000000] Tasks RCU enabled.[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf16, nr_cpu_ids1[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16[ 0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel0x2c8/0x488 with crng_init0[ 0.000000] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 41ns[ 0.000016] sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns[ 0.000056] clocksource: mxc_timer1: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 79635851949 ns[ 0.002974] Console: colour dummy device 80x30[ 0.003045] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 48.00 BogoMIPS (lpj240000)[ 0.003079] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301[ 0.003464] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)[ 0.003500] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)[ 0.005218] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok[ 0.005947] CPU0: update cpu_capacity 1024[ 0.005980] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000[ 0.007428] Setting up static identity map for 0x80100000 - 0x80100060[ 0.007775] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.[ 0.008512] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...[ 0.008543] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU[ 0.008566] SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (48.00 BogoMIPS).[ 0.008583] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.[ 0.009488] devtmpfs: initialized[ 0.020837] Duplicate name in lcdif21c8000, renamed to "display#1"[ 0.025209] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5[ 0.026188] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns[ 0.026241] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)[ 0.039182] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem[ 0.041845] NET: Registered protocol family 16[ 0.059803] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations[ 0.062644] cpuidle: using governor menu[ 0.080345] vdd3p0: supplied by regulator-dummy[ 0.081834] cpu: supplied by regulator-dummy[ 0.083230] vddsoc: supplied by regulator-dummy[ 0.108031] failed to find ocotp node[ 0.108389] No ATAGs?[ 0.108526] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.[ 0.108558] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes.[ 0.113002] imx6ul-pinctrl 20e0000.iomuxc: initialized IMX pinctrl driver[ 0.113694] imx6ul-pinctrl 2290000.iomuxc-snvs: no groups defined in /soc/aips-bus2200000/iomuxc-snvs2290000[ 0.113731] imx6ul-pinctrl 2290000.iomuxc-snvs: initialized IMX pinctrl driver[ 0.116482] imx mu driver is registered.[ 0.117522] imx rpmsg driver is registered.[ 0.190565] vgaarb: loaded[ 0.192732] SCSI subsystem initialized[ 0.193916] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs[ 0.194053] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub[ 0.194269] usbcore: registered new device driver usb[ 0.197617] i2c i2c-0: IMX I2C adapter registered[ 0.199706] i2c i2c-1: IMX I2C adapter registered[ 0.200610] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10[ 0.200727] videodev: Linux video capture interface: v2.00[ 0.200863] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered[ 0.200884] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti [ 0.200940] PTP clock support registered[ 0.204233] MIPI CSI2 driver module loaded[ 0.204372] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.[ 0.206205] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.22[ 0.206345] NET: Registered protocol family 31[ 0.206368] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized[ 0.206407] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized[ 0.206432] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized[ 0.206486] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized[ 0.207693] clocksource: Switched to clocksource mxc_timer1[ 0.208105] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0[ 0.208318] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)[ 0.231268] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor step_wise[ 0.231911] NET: Registered protocol family 2[ 0.233268] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)[ 0.233359] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)[ 0.233480] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)[ 0.233637] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)[ 0.233851] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)[ 0.233920] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)[ 0.234325] NET: Registered protocol family 1[ 0.235636] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.[ 0.235670] RPC: Registered udp transport module.[ 0.235689] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.[ 0.235707] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.[ 0.237031] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64[ 0.238737] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a7 PMU driver, 5 counters available[ 0.242663] Bus freq driver module loaded[ 0.245150] Initialise system trusted keyrings[ 0.245733] workingset: timestamp_bits14 max_order17 bucket_order3[ 0.263062] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type[ 0.263141] Key type id_resolver registered[ 0.263160] Key type id_legacy registered[ 0.263261] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) ?2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.[ 0.264444] fuse: init (API version 7.31)[ 0.358310] Key type asymmetric registered[ 0.358346] Asymmetric key parser x509 registered[ 0.358414] io scheduler mq-deadline registered[ 0.358432] io scheduler kyber registered[ 0.368929] pwm-backlight backlight: backlight supply power not found, using dummy regulator[ 0.377339] mxsfb 21c8000.lcdif: 21c8000.lcdif supply lcd not found, using dummy regulator[ 0.487454] sii902x bound to mxs-lcdif from 21c8000.lcdif[ 0.511797] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x37[ 0.615025] mxsfb 21c8000.lcdif: initialized[ 0.624822] imx-sdma 20ec000.sdma: Direct firmware load for imx/sdma/sdma-imx6q.bin failed with err【文章转自：香港多ip服务器 http://www.558idc.com/hkzq.html提供，感恩】