C#学习经历从基本语法结构到窗体再到面向对象终于走完了.NET初级程序员的道路,用了大概一天半的时间做完这个练手项目《影院售票系统》,先上效果截图一张
抽出时间做些这个对目前的我来说算不小的项目。
用到的知识点有:面向对象思想、TreeView、XML读取、File文件流、泛型集合,这里面对我来说难度最大的是面向对象与泛型集合的结合,看来学习一门编程语言的难点还是在设计思想上。
再来介绍一下项目需求:在影片列表中选择某个时段的一场电影,单击座位选择一个种类的电影票,并创建电影,计算价格并打印影票信息,然后该座位被置为红色表示已经售出。
影院每天更新放映列表,系统支持实时查看,包括电影放映场次时间、电影概况。
影院提供三类影票:普通票、赠票和学生票(赠票免费;学生票有折扣)
允许用户查看某场次座位的售出情况
支持购票,并允许用户选座
用户可以选择场次、影票类型及空闲座位进行购票,并打印电影票
系统可以保存销售情况,并允许对其进行恢复
一、问题分析
1.系统开发步骤
(1)明确需求
(2)设计类
(3)创建项目
(4)确定编码顺序
1.主窗体
2.查看新放映列表
3.查看电影介绍
4.查看影票票价
5.查看放映厅座位
6.购票和打印电影票
7.继续购票
(5)测试
二、类的设计
献上这9个类的代码,根据依赖编写类的顺序,不能完全按照上面顺序
1.Seat:保存影院的座位信息,主要属性如下
座位号(SeatNum):string类型
座位卖出状态颜色(Color):System.Drawing.Color类型
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Drawing; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 保存影院的座位信息 /// </summary> public class Seat { public Seat() { } public Seat(string seatNum,Color color) { this.SeatNum = seatNum; this.Color = color; } private string _seatNum; /// <summary> /// 座位号 /// </summary> public string SeatNum { get { return _seatNum; } set { _seatNum = value; } } private Color _color; /// <summary> /// 座位卖出状态颜色 /// </summary> public Color Color { get { return _color; } set { _color = value; } } } }
2.Movie:电影类
电影名(MovieName):string类型
海报图片路径(Poster):string类型
导演名(Director):string类型
主演(Actor):string类型
电影类型(MovieType):MovieType自定义枚举类型
定价(Price):int类型
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 电影类 /// </summary> public class Movie { private string _movieName; /// <summary> /// 电影名 /// </summary> public string MovieName { get { return _movieName; } set { _movieName = value; } } private string _poster; /// <summary> /// 海报图片名 /// </summary> public string Poster { get { return _poster; } set { _poster = value; } } private string _director; /// <summary> /// 导演名 /// </summary> public string Director { get { return _director; } set { _director = value; } } private string _actor; /// <summary> /// 主演 /// </summary> public string Actor { get { return _actor; } set { _actor = value; } } private int _price; /// <summary> /// 定价 /// </summary> public int Price { get { return _price; } set { _price = value; } } /// <summary> /// 电影类型 /// </summary> public MovieType MovieType { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// 电影类型,1喜剧2战争3爱情 /// </summary> public enum MovieType { /// <summary> /// 动作片 /// </summary> Action = 0, /// <summary> /// 战争片 /// </summary> War = 1, /// <summary> /// 爱情片 /// </summary> Comedy = 2 } }
3.Ticket:电影票父类,保存电影票信息
放映场次(ScheduleItem):ScheduleItem自定义类
所属座位对象(Seat):Seat自定义类型
票价(Price):int类型
计算票价的虚方法CalcPrice()
打印售票信息的虚方法Print()
显示当前售出票信息的虚方法Show()
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 电影票父类 /// </summary> public class Ticket { public Ticket() { } public Ticket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat) { this.ScheduItem = sch; this.Seat = seat; } private Seat _seat = new Seat(); /// <summary> /// 所属座位 /// </summary> public Seat Seat { get { return _seat; } set { _seat = value; } } private int _price; /// <summary> /// 票价 /// </summary> public int Price { get { return _price; } set { _price = value; } } /// <summary> /// 放映场次 /// </summary> public ScheduleItem ScheduItem { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 计算票价 /// </summary> public virtual void CalcPrice() { this.Price = ScheduItem.Movie.Price; } /// <summary> /// 打印售票信息 /// </summary> public virtual void Print() { string info = string.Format("************************************************\n\t青鸟影院\n------------------------------------------------\n电影名:\t{0}\n时间:\t{1}\n座位号:\t{2}\n价格:\t{3}\n************************************************", this.ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this.ScheduItem.Time, this.Seat.SeatNum, this.Price); MessageBox.Show(info); //存到文件中 string fileName = this.ScheduItem.Time.Replace(":", "-")+" "+this.Seat.SeatNum+".txt"; FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName,FileMode.Create); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); sw.Write(info); sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 显示当前售票信息 /// </summary> public virtual void Show() { string info = string.Format("已售出!\n普通票!"); MessageBox.Show(info); } } }
4.StudentTicket:学生票子类,继承父类Ticket
学生票的折扣(Discount):int类型
重写父类计算票价CalcPrice
重写父类打印售票信息的Print()
重写父类显示当前出票信息的Show()方法
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 学生票 /// </summary> public class StudentTicket : Ticket { public StudentTicket() { } public StudentTicket(ScheduleItem sch, Seat seat, int discount) : base(sch, seat) { this.Discount = discount; } private int _discount; /// <summary> /// 学生票的折扣 /// </summary> public int Discount { get { return _discount; } set { _discount = value; } } /// <summary> /// 计算学生票价 /// </summary> public override void CalcPrice() { this.Price =this.ScheduItem.Movie.Price* Discount / 10; } /// <summary> /// 打印学生票的售票信息 /// </summary> public override void Print() { string info = string.Format("************************************************\n\t青鸟影院(学生)\n------------------------------------------------\n电影名:\t{0}\n时间:\t{1}\n座位号:\t{2}\n价格:\t{3}\n************************************************", this.ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this.ScheduItem.Time, this.Seat.SeatNum, this.Price); MessageBox.Show(info); //存到文件中 string fileName = this.ScheduItem.Time.Replace(":", "-") + " " + this.Seat.SeatNum + ".txt"; FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); sw.Write(info); sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 显示当前售出票信息 /// </summary> public override void Show() { string info = string.Format("已售出!\n{0}折学生票!",this.Discount); MessageBox.Show(info); } } }
5.FreeTicket:赠票子类,继承父类Ticket
获得赠票者的名字属性(CustomerName):string类型
重写父类计算票价CalcPrice()
重写父类打印售票信息Print()
重写父类显示当前出票信息Show()
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 赠票 /// </summary> public class FreeTicket:Ticket { public FreeTicket() { } public FreeTicket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat,string name) { this.Seat = seat; this.CustomerName = name; this.ScheduItem = sch; } private string _customerName; /// <summary> /// 获得赠票者的名字 /// </summary> public string CustomerName { get { return _customerName; } set { _customerName = value; } } /// <summary> /// 计算票价 /// </summary> public override void CalcPrice() { this.Price = 0; } /// <summary> /// 打印售票信息 /// </summary> public override void Print() { string info = string.Format("************************************************\n\t青鸟影院(赠票)\n------------------------------------------------\n电影名:\t{0}\n时间:\t{1}\n座位号:\t{2}\n姓名:\t{3}\n************************************************", this.ScheduItem.Movie.MovieName, this.ScheduItem.Time, this.Seat.SeatNum, this.CustomerName); MessageBox.Show(info); //存到文件中 string fileName = this.ScheduItem.Time.Replace(":", "-") + " " + this.Seat.SeatNum + ".txt"; FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create); StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs); sw.Write(info); sw.Close(); fs.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 显示当前售出票信息 /// </summary> public override void Show() { MessageBox.Show("已售出!\n赠票!"); } } }
6.ScheduleItem:影院每天计划放映计划的场次,保存每场电影的信息
放映时间属性(Time):string类型
本场所放映电影属性(Movie):Movie自定义类型
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 影院每天计划放映的场次,保存每场电影的信息 /// </summary> public class ScheduleItem { private string _time; /// <summary> /// 放映时间 /// </summary> public string Time { get { return _time; } set { _time = value; } } private Movie _movie = new Movie(); /// <summary> /// 本场放映的电影 /// </summary> public Movie Movie { get { return _movie; } set { _movie = value; } } private List<Ticket> _soldTickets=new List<Ticket>(); private Dictionary<string, Seat> _seats=new Dictionary<string,Seat>(); /// <summary> /// 本场次的座位状态 /// </summary> public Dictionary<string, Seat> Seats { get { return _seats; } set { _seats = value; } } } }
7.Schedule:放映计划类
放映场次属性(Items):自定义泛型集合Dictionary<string,ScheduleItem>
读取XML文件获取放映计划集合的LoadItems()方法
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Xml; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 放映计划类,保存影院当天的放映计划集合 /// </summary> public class Schedule { /// <summary> /// 放映场次 /// </summary> public Dictionary<string, ScheduleItem> Items = new Dictionary<string, ScheduleItem>(); /// <summary> /// 读取XML文件获取放映计划集合 /// </summary> public void LoadItems() { Items.Clear(); XmlDocument xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load("ShowList.xml"); XmlElement root = xml.DocumentElement; foreach (XmlNode item in root.ChildNodes) { Movie movie = new Movie(); movie.MovieName = item["Name"].InnerText; movie.Poster = item["Poster"].InnerText; movie.Director = item["Director"].InnerText; movie.Actor = item["Actor"].InnerText; switch (item["Type"].InnerText) { case "Action": movie.MovieType = MovieType.Action; break; case "War": movie.MovieType = MovieType.War; break; case "Comedy": movie.MovieType = MovieType.Comedy; break; } movie.Price = Convert.ToInt32(item["Price"].InnerText); if (item["Schedule"].HasChildNodes) { foreach (XmlNode item2 in item["Schedule"].ChildNodes) { ScheduleItem schItem = new ScheduleItem(); schItem.Time = item2.InnerText; schItem.Movie = movie; Items.Add(schItem.Time, schItem); } } } } } }
8.Cinema:影院类,保存放映计划和座位类
座位集合属性(Seat):自定义泛型集合Dictionary<string,Seat>
放映计划Schedule:Schedule自定义类型
已售出电影票的集合(SoldTicket):自定义泛型集合List<Ticket>
保存和读取售票情况的Save()和Load()方法
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 影院类 /// </summary> public class Cinema { private Dictionary<string, Seat> _seats = new Dictionary<string, Seat>(); /// <summary> /// 座位集合 /// </summary> public Dictionary<string, Seat> Seats { get { return _seats; } set { _seats = value; } } private Schedule _schedule = new Schedule(); /// <summary> /// 放映计划 /// </summary> public Schedule Schedule { get { return _schedule; } set { _schedule = value; } } private List<Ticket> _soldTickets=new List<Ticket>(); /// <summary> /// 已经售出的票 /// </summary> public List<Ticket> SoldTickets { get { return _soldTickets; } set { _soldTickets = value; } } /// <summary> /// 保存售票信息到文件中 /// </summary> public void Save() { //Save和Load的代码在窗体的代码实现了 } /// <summary> /// 从文件中读取售票信息 /// </summary> public void Load() { } } }
9.工具类
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace 影院售票系统 { /// <summary> /// 工具类 /// </summary> public class TicketUtil { /// <summary> /// 创建电影票 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static Ticket CreateTicket(ScheduleItem sch,Seat seat,int discount,string customerName,string type) { Ticket ticket=null; switch (type) { case "StudentTicket": ticket = new StudentTicket(sch,seat,discount); break; case "FreeTicket": ticket = new FreeTicket(sch,seat,customerName); break; default: ticket = new Ticket(sch,seat); break; } return ticket; } } }
下篇文章将继续更新,内容有电影院座位的动态绘制、电影信息绑定到窗体中展现出来,希望大家不要走开,有什么地方需要改进的欢迎大家指出,共同探讨进步。