C语言实现单链表实现方法 链表和我们之前实现过的顺序表一样，都是简单的数据结构，链表分为单向链表、双向链表、循环链表。而单向链表又分为两种实现方法，一种为带头节点的
C语言实现单链表实现方法
链表和我们之前实现过的顺序表一样，都是简单的数据结构，链表分为单向链表、双向链表、循环链表。而单向链表又分为两种实现方法，一种为带头节点的单链表，一种为不带头节点的单链表。我们来具体看看不带头节点的单链表的实现
单链表：它是一种链式存储的线性表，用一组地址任意的存储单元存放线性表的数据元素，称存储单元为一个节点。
今天我们来实现一些单链表的简单接口
先看看单链表的结构： （为了通用性，我们将类型重命名为DataType）
typedef int DataType;
//链表
typedef struct Node
{
DataType *data;
struct Node *next;
}Node, *pNode, *pList;
接下来看看我们要实现的接口：
void InitLinkList(pList *pplist);//初始化链表 pNode BuyNode(DataType d);//创建链表节点 void PushBack(pList *pplist, DataType d);//尾插 void PopBack(pList *pplist);//尾删 void PushFront(pList *pplist, DataType d);//头插 void PopFront(pList *pplist);//头删 void PrintList(pList plist);//打印链表 pNode Find(pList plist, DataType d);//查找指定元素 void Remove(pList *pplist, DataType d);//删除指定的一个元素 void RemoveAll(pList *pplist, DataType d);//删除指定的所有元素 void Insert(pList *pplist, pNode pos, DataType d);//指定位置的后面插入 void Erase(pList *pplist, pNode pos);//指定位置删除 void DestroyList(pList *pplist);//销毁链表
来看看每个接口的具体实现：
pNode BuyNode(DataType d)
{
pNode newNode = (pNode)malloc(sizeof(Node));
if (newNode == NULL)
{
perror("malloc");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
newNode->data = d;
newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode;
}
void InitLinkList(pList *pplist)
{
assert(pplist);
*pplist = NULL;
}
void PushBack(pList *pplist, DataType d)
{
assert(pplist);
pNode newNode = BuyNode(d);
pNode cur = *pplist;
//链表没有节点
if (*pplist == NULL)
{
*pplist = newNode;
return;
}
//链表有节点
while (cur->next != NULL)
{
cur = cur->next;
}
cur->next = newNode;
}
void PopBack(pList *pplist)
{
pNode cur = *pplist;
pNode prev = NULL;
assert(pplist);
//链表没有节点
if (*pplist == NULL)
{
return;
}
//链表有一个节点
if (cur->next == NULL)
{
free(*pplist);
*pplist = NULL;
return;
}
//链表有两个及两个以上节点
while (cur->next != NULL)
{
prev = cur;//prev中保存的是cur之前的那个节点
cur = cur->next;
}
prev->next = NULL;
free(cur);
}
void PushFront(pList *pplist, DataType d)
{
pNode newNode = BuyNode(d);
//pNode cur = *pplist;
assert(pplist);
////链表没有节点
//if (*pplist == NULL)
//{
// *pplist = newNode;
//}
////链表有节点
newNode->next = *pplist;
*pplist = newNode;
}
void PopFront(pList *pplist)
{
pNode cur = *pplist;
assert(pplist);
//链表为空
if (*pplist == NULL)
{
return;
}
*pplist = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = NULL;
}
void PrintList(pList plist)
{
pNode cur = plist;
while (cur)
{
printf("%d-->", cur->data);
cur = cur->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}
pNode Find(pList plist, DataType d)
{
pNode cur = plist;
while (cur)
{
if (cur->data == d)
{
return cur;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
return NULL;
}
void Remove(pList *pplist, DataType d)
{
pNode cur = *pplist;
pNode prev = NULL;
assert(pplist);
if (cur == NULL)
{
return;
}
while (cur)
{
if (cur->data == d)
{
pNode del = cur;
if (cur == *pplist)
{
*pplist = cur->next;
}
prev->next = cur->next;
free(del);
del = NULL;
return;
}
else
{
prev = cur;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
}
void RemoveAll(pList *pplist, DataType d)
{
pNode cur = *pplist;
pNode prev = NULL;
assert(pplist);
if (*pplist == NULL)
{
return;
}
while (cur)
{
if (cur->data == d)
{
pNode del = cur;
if (cur == *pplist)
{
*pplist = cur->next;
}
else
{
prev->next = cur->next;
}
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
del = NULL;
}
else
{
prev = cur;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
}
//在pos后面插入一个元素
void Insert(pList *pplist, pNode pos, DataType d)
{
pNode newNode = BuyNode(d);
assert(pplist);
assert(pos);
if (*pplist == NULL)
{
PushFront(pplist, d);
return;
}
newNode->next = pos->next;
pos->next = newNode;
}
void Erase(pList *pplist, pNode pos)
{
assert(pplist);
assert(pos);
//要删除的是尾节点
if (pos->next == NULL)
{
PopBack(pplist);
}
//删除的是非尾节点
else
{
pNode del = pos->next;
pos->data = pos->next->data;
pos->next = pos->next->next;
free(del);
del = NULL;
}
}
void DestroyList(pList *pplist)
{
assert(pplist);
pNode cur = *pplist;
while (cur)
{
pNode del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
printf("del:%d\n", del->data);
free(del);
del = NULL;
}
}
由于这些接口都较为简单，所以不进行具体的测试展示，读者可以自行测试
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