最优雅地整合 Spring & Spring MVC & MyBatis 搭建 Java 企

这里使用 Maven 项目管理工具构建项目

初始化项目

• 打开 Intellij IDEA，点击 Create New Project
• 选择 Maven 构建项目
• 选择 JDK 版本

选择 maven-archetype-webapp 模板（Java Web 项目）

填写项目在 Maven 仓库中的坐标（在 Maven 仓库中根据这个坐标才能找到该项目）

• 选择 Maven 路径
• 选择 Maven 配置文件路径
• 选择 Maven 本地仓库路径

• 填写项目名
• 选择工作目录

创建目录

在 src > main 目录下分别新建 java 源码目录 和 resource 配置文件目录

java 目录下创建基本的源码目录结构

webapp 目录下创建 static 目录，用于存放静态资源文件（css, js, img 等）

webapp > WEB-INF 目录下创建 views 目录，用于存放视图页面（jsp, html 等）

pom.xml

完整的 pom.xml 配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 <groupId>com.antoniopeng</groupId>
 <artifactId>ssm-example</artifactId>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <packaging>war</packaging>

 <name>hello-ssm Maven Webapp</name>
 <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
 <url>https://antoniopeng.com</url>

 <properties>
  <!-- 环境配置 -->
  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
  <java.version>1.8</java.version>

  <!-- 统一的依赖管理 -->
  <alibaba-druid.version>1.1.6</alibaba-druid.version>
  <apache-httpclient.version>4.5.5</apache-httpclient.version>
  <commons-email.version>1.5</commons-email.version>
  <commons-fileupload.version>1.3.2</commons-fileupload.version>
  <commons-lang3.version>3.5</commons-lang3.version>
  <hibernate-validator.version>5.3.4.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
  <jackson.version>2.9.5</jackson.version>
  <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
  <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
  <kaptcha.version>2.3</kaptcha.version>
  <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
  <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
  <mybaits-spring.version>1.3.1</mybaits-spring.version>
  <mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>
  <mysql.version>5.1.46</mysql.version>
  <servlet-api.version>3.1.0</servlet-api.version>
  <slf4j.version>1.7.25</slf4j.version>
  <spring.version>4.3.17.RELEASE</spring.version>
 </properties>

 <dependencies>
  <!-- Test Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>junit</groupId>
   <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   <version>${junit.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Test Begin -->

  <!-- Spring Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Spring End -->

  <!-- Servlet Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
   <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
   <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
   <version>${jstl.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Servlet End -->

  <!-- Log Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
   <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
   <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
   <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
   <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
   <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
   <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
   <artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
   <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>log4j</groupId>
   <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
   <version>${log4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Log End -->

  <!-- Commons Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
   <version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
   <version>${commons-fileupload.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
   <version>${commons-email.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Commons End -->

  <!-- Database Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
   <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
   <version>${alibaba-druid.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>mysql</groupId>
   <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
   <version>${mysql.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
   <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
   <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
   <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
   <version>${mybaits-spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
   <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
   <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
   <version>${hibernate-validator.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Database End -->

  <!-- Json Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
   <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
   <version>${jackson.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
   <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
   <version>${jackson.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
   <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
   <version>${jackson.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Json End -->

  <!-- Apache Http Begin -->
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
   <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
   <version>${apache-httpclient.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
   <artifactId>fluent-hc</artifactId>
   <version>${apache-httpclient.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
   <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
   <version>${apache-httpclient.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- Apache Http End -->

  <dependency>
   <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
   <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
   <version>${lombok.version}</version>
  </dependency>
 </dependencies>

 <build>
  <pluginManagement>
   <plugins>
    <plugin>
     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
     <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
     <version>2.5.2</version>
    </plugin>
   </plugins>
  </pluginManagement>

  <plugins>
   <!-- Compiler 插件, 设定 JDK 版本 -->
   <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.7.0</version>
    <configuration>
     <source>${java.version}</source>
     <target>${java.version}</target>
     <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
     <showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
    </configuration>
   </plugin>
  </plugins>

  <!-- 资源文件配置 -->
  <resources>
   <resource>
    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
    <excludes>
     <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
    </excludes>
   </resource>
   <resource>
    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
   </resource>
  </resources>
 </build>
</project>

全局配置文件

resources 目录下创建全局配置文件，供后续调用

# JDBC
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.connectionURL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

# JDBC Pool
jdbc.pool.init=1
jdbc.pool.minIdle=3
jdbc.pool.maxActive=20

# Web View Location
web.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/views/
web.view.suffix=.jsp

# Upload Size
web.maxUploadSize=10485760

Spring 核心配置

resources 目录下创建 spring-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

 <!-- 开启 Spring 相关注解 -->
 <context:annotation-config />

 <!-- 使用 Annotation 自动注册 Bean, 并且只扫描 @Controller -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.antoniopeng.hello.ssm">
 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
 </context:component-scan>

 <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
 </bean>

 <!-- 开启事务注解驱动 -->
 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

整合 Spring MVC

创建 spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

 <!-- 加载配置属性文件 -->
 <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:ssm.properties"/>

 <!-- 使用 Annotation 自动注册 Bean,只扫描 @Controller -->
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.antoniopeng.hello.ssm.controller" use-default-filters="false">
 <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
 </context:component-scan>

 <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
 <mvc:annotation-driven />

 <!-- 定义视图文件解析 -->
 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
 <property name="prefix" value="${web.view.prefix}"/>
 <property name="suffix" value="${web.view.suffix}"/>
 </bean>

 <!-- 静态资源映射 -->
 <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" cache-period="31536000"/>

 <!-- 拦截器配置 -->
 <mvc:interceptors>
 <!-- 拦截登录 -->
 <mvc:interceptor>
  <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
  <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login" />
  <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/static/**" />
  <bean class="com.antoniopeng.hello.ssm.interceptor.LoginInterceptor" />
 </mvc:interceptor>
 </mvc:interceptors>

 <!-- 上传文件拦截，设置最大上传文件大小 10M = 10*1024*1024(B) = 10485760 bytes -->
 <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
 <property name="maxUploadSize" value="${web.maxUploadSize}"/>
 </bean>

</beans>

MyBatis 配置

创建 mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
 <!-- 全局参数 -->
 <settings>
 <!-- 打印 SQL 语句 -->
 <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" />

 <!-- 使全局的映射器启用或禁用缓存。 -->
 <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="false"/>

 <!-- 全局启用或禁用延迟加载。当禁用时，所有关联对象都会即时加载。 -->
 <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>

 <!-- 当启用时，有延迟加载属性的对象在被调用时将会完全加载任意属性。否则，每种属性将会按需要加载。 -->
 <setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="true"/>

 <!-- 是否允许单条 SQL 返回多个数据集 (取决于驱动的兼容性) default:true -->
 <setting name="multipleResultSetsEnabled" value="true"/>

 <!-- 是否可以使用列的别名 (取决于驱动的兼容性) default:true -->
 <setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true"/>

 <!-- 允许 JDBC 生成主键。需要驱动器支持。如果设为了 true，这个设置将强制使用被生成的主键，有一些驱动器不兼容不过仍然可以执行。 default:false -->
 <setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="false"/>

 <!-- 指定 MyBatis 如何自动映射 数据基表的列 NONE：不映射 PARTIAL：部分 FULL:全部 -->
 <setting name="autoMappingBehavior" value="PARTIAL"/>

 <!-- 这是默认的执行类型 （SIMPLE: 简单； REUSE: 执行器可能重复使用prepared statements语句；BATCH: 执行器可以重复执行语句和批量更新） -->
 <setting name="defaultExecutorType" value="SIMPLE"/>

 <!-- 使用驼峰命名法转换字段。 -->
 <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>

 <!-- 设置本地缓存范围 session:就会有数据的共享 statement:语句范围 (这样就不会有数据的共享 ) defalut:session -->
 <setting name="localCacheScope" value="SESSION"/>

 <!-- 设置 JDBC 类型为空时,某些驱动程序 要指定值, default:OTHER，插入空值时不需要指定类型 -->
 <setting name="jdbcTypeForNull" value="NULL"/>
 </settings>
</configuration>

整合 Druid

resources 目录下创建 spring-context-druid.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

 <!-- 加载配置属性文件 -->
 <context:property-placeholder ignore-unresolvable="true" location="classpath:ssm.properties"/>

 <!-- 数据源配置, 使用 Druid 数据库连接池 -->
 <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
  <!-- 数据源驱动类可不写，Druid默认会自动根据URL识别DriverClass -->
  <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>

  <!-- 基本属性 url、user、password -->
  <property name="url" value="${jdbc.connectionURL}"/>
  <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
  <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

  <!-- 配置初始化大小、最小、最大 -->
  <property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.pool.init}"/>
  <property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.pool.minIdle}"/>
  <property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.pool.maxActive}"/>

  <!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间 -->
  <property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>

  <!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒 -->
  <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000"/>

  <!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒 -->
  <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000"/>

  <!-- 配置监控统计拦截的filters -->
  <property name="filters" value="stat"/>
 </bean>
</beans>

整合 MyBatis

resources 目录下创建 spring-context-mybatis.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

 <!-- 配置 SqlSession -->
 <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
  <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
  <!-- 用于配置对应实体类所在的包，多个 package 之间可以用 ',' 号分割 -->
  <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.antoniopeng.hello.ssm.entity"/>
  <!-- 用于配置对象关系映射配置文件所在目录 -->
  <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:/mapper/**/*.xml"/>
  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:/mybatis-config.xml"></property>
 </bean>

 <!-- 扫描 Mapper -->
 <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
  <property name="basePackage" value="com.antoniopeng.hello.ssm.dao" />
 </bean>
</beans>

日志配置

创建 log4j.properties 日志配置文件

log4j.rootLogger=error, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender 
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=[service] %d - %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n 

log4j.logger.com.ibatis = debug 
log4j.logger.com.ibatis.common.jdbc.SimpleDataSource = debug 
log4j.logger.com.ibatis.common.jdbc.ScriptRunner = debug 
log4j.logger.com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.impl.SqlMapClientDelegate = debug 
log4j.logger.java.sql.Connection = debug 
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement = debug 
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement = debug
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet =debug 
log4j.logger.com.pro.mapper =debug

web.xml

完整的 web.xml 配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
   version="3.1">

 <welcome-file-list>
 <welcome-file>/login</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>

 <context-param>
 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 <param-value>classpath:spring-context*.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>
 <listener>
 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>

 <filter>
 <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
 <init-param>
  <param-name>encoding</param-name>
  <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
 </init-param>
 <init-param>
  <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
  <param-value>true</param-value>
 </init-param>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
 <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <init-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

创建访问视图

在 webapp > WEB-INF > views 目录下新建 index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
 <title>Index</title>
</head>

<body>
 	<h1>
  Hello SSM
 </h1>
</body>
</html>

在 controller 目录下创建 IndexController 类

package com.antoniopeng.hello.ssm.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class IndexController {

 @RequestMapping(value = "/")
 public String index() {
  return "index";
 }
}

部署到 Tomcat 服务器

点击 Intellij IDEA 右上方 Add Configuration..

添加 Tomcat 本地服务器配置

配置下载好的 Tomcat 服务器

Tomcat8 官网下载地址

设置访问端口号，默认 8080

将项目添加到 Tomcat 服务器

最后运行项目，访问 http://localhost:8080/ 即可。

源码地址：https://github.com/antoniopeng/ssm-example.git

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