首先说明,由于是8版本的数据库,所以配置类的写法上与5版本的有所区别,需要注意,同时用idea或eclipse时需要导入jar包,jar包的下载链接: https://dev.mysql.com/get/archives/mysql-connector-j
首先说明,由于是8版本的数据库,所以配置类的写法上与5版本的有所区别,需要注意,同时用idea或eclipse时需要导入jar包,jar包的下载链接:
https://dev.mysql.com/get/archives/mysql-connector-java-8.0/mysql-connector-java-8.0.28.zip
如果想要下载8版本不同的jar包只需要修改8.0.28为指定版本即可。
idea导入jar包的方法如下:
然后是代码部分,首先先建表:
CREATE TABLE `train_message` ( `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id', `train_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '列车名', `origin` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '始发地', `terminal` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '终到地', `departure_time` timestamp NOT NULL COMMENT '出站时间', `state` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '正常' COMMENT '列车状态', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3
然后创建连接的配置类DbConfig.java,localhost是本机的ip地址,如果有服务器就填服务器的ip地址,message是数据库的名字,这里一张图说下有很多新手误解的名字
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; /** * 数据库配置类 * @author 景苒 */ public class DbConfig { public Connection dbConfig() throws SQLException { try { Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"); }catch (Exception e) { System.out.print("加载驱动失败!"); e.printStackTrace(); } String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/message?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true"; String user = "root"; String password = "123456"; return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); } }
然后写下主函数Main.java,这里主函数的函数体可以在最后再写,需要什么功能就把注释打开就好,快捷注释的方法,选中这句话,按ctrl加/,就能全注释了。
import java.sql.SQLException; /** * 主函数,调用功能 * @author 景苒 */ public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException { // new GetMessage().getMessage(); // new UpdateTrainState().updateTrainState(); // new InsertTrain().insertTrain(); // new GetNumber().getNumber(); } }
然后是每个的功能:
1.查询沈阳到武汉的所有列车信息,按出发时间先后排序
建GetMessage.java类
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; /** * 查询沈阳到武汉的所有列车信息,按出发时间先后排序 * @author 景苒 */ public class GetMessage { public void getMessage() throws SQLException { Connection con = new DbConfig().dbConfig(); String sql = "select * from `train_message` where origin = ? and terminal = ? ORDER BY departure_time ASC"; String origin = "沈阳"; String terminal = "武汉"; PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); ps.setString(1, origin); ps.setString(2, terminal); ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery(); try { while (rs.next()) { System.out.println("列车名:" + rs.getString("train_name") + " 始发站:" + rs.getString("origin") + " 终到站:" + rs.getString("terminal") + " 出发时间:" + rs.getString("departure_time") + " 列车状态:" + rs.getString("state")); } }catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { ps.close(); con.close(); } } }
2.修改T2255列车的状态为停运
建UpdateTrainState.java类
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; /** * 修改T2255列车的状态为停运 * @author 景苒 */ public class UpdateTrainState { public void updateTrainState() throws SQLException { Connection con = new DbConfig().dbConfig(); String sql = "UPDATE `train_message` SET state = '停运' WHERE train_name = 'T2255'"; Statement statement = con.createStatement(); try { int i = statement.executeUpdate(sql); if (i > 0) { System.out.println("更新成功"); }else { System.out.println("更新失败"); } }catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { statement.close(); con.close(); } } }
3.新增一辆列车信息(自己输入)
建InsertTrain.java类
import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.Scanner; /** * 新增一辆列车信息(自己输入) * 始发时间为timestamp类型,输入时需要确保格式正确,如:2019-01-01 00:00:00 * @author 景苒 */ public class InsertTrain { public void insertTrain() throws SQLException { Connection con = new DbConfig().dbConfig(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String sql = "insert into `train_message` values(null, ?, ?, ?, ?, default)"; System.out.print("请输入列车名:"); String trainName = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.print("请输入始发站:"); String origin = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.print("请输入终到站:"); String terminal = scanner.nextLine(); System.out.print("请输入始发时间:"); String departureTime = scanner.nextLine(); PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement(sql); ps.setString(1, trainName); ps.setString(2, origin); ps.setString(3, terminal); ps.setString(4, departureTime); try { int i = ps.executeUpdate(); if (i > 0) { System.out.println("添加成功"); }else { System.out.println("添加失败"); } }catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { ps.close(); con.close(); } } }
4.查询状态为正常的列车数量
建GetNumber.java类
import java.sql.Statement; /** * 查询状态为正常的列车数量 * @author 景苒 */ public class GetNumber { public void getNumber() throws SQLException { Connection con = new DbConfig().dbConfig(); String sql = "select count(state) from `train_message` where state = '正常'"; Statement statement = con.createStatement(); try { ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql); while (resultSet.next()) { System.out.println("状态为正常的列车数量为:" + resultSet.getInt(1)); } }catch (SQLException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally { statement.close(); con.close(); } } }
最后附上navicat的属性结构图和样例插入的语句
数据根据自己需求自行写入几个就行,以上就是java连接mysql数据库的实例代码,eclipse也大同小异,就导入jar包的方式不同。