一、概述

blackbox_exporter 官方文档

blackbox_exporter是Prometheus 官方提供的 exporter 之一，可以提供 http、dns、tcp、icmp 的监控数据采集。Blackbox_exporter 应用场景

1、 HTTP 测试

• 定义 Request Header 信息
• 判断 Http status / Http Respones Header / Http Body 内容

2、 TCP 测试

• 业务组件端口状态监听
• 应用层协议定义与监听

3、 ICMP 测试

• 主机探活机制

4、 POST 测试

• 接口联通性

5、 SSL 证书过期时间

二、安装

blackbox_exporter安装包

以linux系统为例，下载编译好的二进制包，解压使用：

1、下载并解压

# wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.19.0/blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz # tar -zxvf blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz # cd blackbox_exporter-0.19.0.linux-amd64/

2、验证是否安装成功

# ./blackbox_exporter --version blackbox_exporter, version 0.19.0 (branch: HEAD, revision: 5d575b88eb12c65720862e8ad2c5890ba33d1ed0) build user: root@2b0258d5a55a build date: 20210510-12:56:44 go version: go1.16.4 platform: linux/amd64

3、启动blackbox_exporter

nohup ./blackbox_exporter &

4、验证是否启动成功

# netstat -utpln|grep blackbox (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.) tcp6 0 0 :::9115 :::* LISTEN 25185/./blackbox_ex

5、创建systemcd服务(centos7系统可以用)

$ vim /lib/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service [Unit] Description=blackbox_exporter After=network.target [Service] User=root Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter --config.file=/usr/local/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

三、prometheus.yml中加入blackbox_exporter

1、监控主机存活状态

# vim prometheus.yml - job_name: crawler_status metrics_path: /probe params: module: [icmp] static_configs: - targets: ['10.45.3.8','10.45.3.9','10.45.3.10','10.45.3.11'] labels: instance: node_status group: 'node' relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115

注意：10.45.3.8是被监控端ip，127.0.0.1是Blackbox_exporter

2、监控主机端口存活状态

- job_name: 'crawler_port_status' metrics_path: /probe params: module: [tcp_connect] static_configs: - targets: ['10.45.3.8:3128'] labels: instance: 'port_status' group: 'tcp' relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - source_labels: [__param_target] target_label: instance - target_label: __address__ replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115

3、监控网站状态

- job_name: qianxin_web_status metrics_path: /probe params: module: [http_2xx] static_configs: - targets: ['https://www.qianxin.com'] labels: instance: qianxin_web_status group: 'web' relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - target_label: __address__ replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115 - job_name: baidu_web_status metrics_path: /probe params: module: [http_2xx] static_configs: - targets: ['https://www.baidu.com'] labels: instance: baidu_web_status group: 'web' relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - target_label: __address__ replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115 - job_name: jd_web_status metrics_path: /probe params: module: [http_2xx] static_configs: - targets: ['https://www.jd.com'] labels: instance: jd_web_status group: 'web' relabel_configs: - source_labels: [__address__] target_label: __param_target - target_label: __address__ replacement: 127.0.0.1:9115

4、检查配置文件是否书写正确

# ./promtool check config prometheus.yml

5、重启prometheus

6、查看targets界面

访问 http://127.0.0.1:9090/targets ,确保状态为 UP

四、grafana中加入blackbox_exporter监控数据

1、安装grafana

# docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name grafana grafana/grafana

运行完成打开,127.0.0.1:3000

登录页面输入 超级管理员的账号密码

第一次登录 默认 账号 admin 密码admin

2、添加数据源

五、grafana中加入blackbox_exporter监控数据

1、添加模版

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/9965https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/9719

此模板需要安装饼状图插件 下载地址 https://grafana.com/grafana/plugins/grafana-piechart-panel安装插件，重启grafana生效。

# docker exec -it grafana grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel # docker restart grafana