今年3月份在公司的内部k8s培训会上，开发同事表示使用dashboard的可以满足日常开发需求，例如查看pod的日志，执行exec指令，查看pod的运行状态等，但对basic认证的权限控制表示担忧。之前介绍过在1.5.2版本上部署dashboard服务，在1.9.1版本离线部署中，也介绍过dashboard服务的RBAC配置和使用技巧。因此本文将在前文基础上完善Heapster的整合与利用token对用户权限进行控制。dashboard的特点主要如下：1、能够直观的看到rc、deployment、pod、services等k8s组件的运行情况和日志信息。2、结合heapster和influxdb后，dashboard的监控图表上可以看到pod的cpu和内存消耗情况。

Heapster介绍

1、Heapster是容器集群监控和性能分析工具，支持Kubernetes和CoreOS。 2、K8S集群的HPA功能的实现就依赖于这些metric数据，HPA将Heapster作为Resource Metrics API，向其获取metric。3、Kubernetes有个cAdvisor监控（在1.9版本里面，cAdvisor已经和kubelet整合在一起）。在每个kubernetes Node上都会运行cAdvisor，它会收集本机以及容器的监控数据(cpu,memory,filesystem,network,uptime)。Heapster是一个收集者，Heapster可以收集Node节点上的cAdvisor数据，将每个Node上的cAdvisor的数据进行汇总，还可以按照kubernetes的资源类型来集合资源，比如Pod、Namespace，可以分别获取它们的CPU、内存、网络和磁盘的metric。默认的metric数据聚合时间间隔是1分钟。还可以把数据导入到第三方工具(如InfluxDB)。

Influxdb数据库介绍

2、Influxdb数据库的相关知识介绍，可参考文档：https://www.jianshu.com/p/d2935e99006e2、如果对Heapster收集到的metric数据没有持久化的需求，可以不配置Influxdb数据库3、本文Influxdb数据库的存储采用emptydir的方式实现，实际使用过程中，可以选择吧Influxdb数据库部署在k8s集群外部，或者使用其他存储方案。4、如果有需要的话，还可以集成一个grafana做web展示。Grafana配置可参考文档：http://blog.51cto.com/ylw6006/2084403

一、获取相关镜像

需要获取到dashboard相关的镜像文件，仓库可纳入本地仓库统一管理

# cat /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf [Service] Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://192.168.115.2:1080" # systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl restart docker # docker pull k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3 # docker pull k8s.gcr.io/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3 # docker pull k8s.gcr.io/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2

二、准备配置文件

1、k8s-dashborad-sa.yaml文件，secrct和serviceaccount配置

# cat k8s-dashborad-sa.yaml # ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- # apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs namespace: kube-system type: Opaque --- # ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- # apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system

2、k8s-dashborad-rbac.yaml文件，配置 Role和Role Binding

# cat k8s-dashborad-rbac.yaml # ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- # kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal namespace: kube-system rules: # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] verbs: ["create"] # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] verbs: ["create"] # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"] verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"] # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"] verbs: ["get", "update"] # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services"] resourceNames: ["heapster"] verbs: ["proxy"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services/proxy"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"] verbs: ["get"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal namespace: kube-system roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system

3、k8s-dashborad-deployment.yaml配置文件，定义创建pod的模板和副本数

# cat k8s-dashborad-deployment.yaml # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- # kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1beta2 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard spec: containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3 ports: - containerPort: 8443 protocol: TCP args: - --auto-generate-certificates # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work. # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port volumeMounts: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs mountPath: /certs # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTPS path: / port: 8443 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 volumes: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs secret: secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule

4、 k8s-dashborad-service.yaml配置文件，定义service

# cat k8s-dashborad-service.yaml # ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- # kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-system spec: ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 8490 type: NodePort selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

三、通过配置文件创建dashboard

# kubectl create -f . # kubectl get pod,deployment,svc -n kube-system

四、配置使用basic认证方式

默认情况下只支持kubeconfig和令牌认证

# echo 'admin,admin,1' > /etc/kubernetes/basic_auth_file # grep 'auth' /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \ --runtime-config=rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1alpha1 \ --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \ --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \ --basic-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/basic_auth_file \ # grep ‘basic’ k8s-dashborad-deployment.yaml （配置在args下面） - --authentication-mode=basic # systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl restart kube-apiserver # kubectl apply -f k8s-dashborad-deployment.yaml

将admin用户和cluter-admin role进行角色绑定

# curl --insecure https://vm1:6443 -basic -u admin:admin # kubectl create clusterrolebinding \ login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin \ --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=admin # curl --insecure https://vm1:6443 -basic -u admin:admin

五、访问测试

六、整合heapster和influxdb

在没有配置heapster和influxdb的情况下，pod的metric信息是无法获取到的，而早前版本K8S的HPA特性依赖的metric数据来源恰巧就是heapster和influxdb。

1、准备yaml配置文件

# cat heapster-sa.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: heapster namespace: kube-system # cat heapster-rbac.yaml kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: heapster roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: system:heapster subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: heapster namespace: kube-system # cat heapster-deployment.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: heapster namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 template: metadata: labels: task: monitoring k8s-app: heapster spec: serviceAccountName: heapster containers: - name: heapster image: k8s.gcr.io/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent command: - /heapster - --source=kubernetes:https://kubernetes.default - --sink=influxdb:http://monitoring-influxdb.kube-system.svc:8086 # cat heapster-service.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: task: monitoring kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true' kubernetes.io/name: Heapster name: heapster namespace: kube-system spec: ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 8082 selector: k8s-app: heapster # cat influxdb-deployment.yaml apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: monitoring-influxdb namespace: kube-system spec: replicas: 1 template: metadata: labels: task: monitoring k8s-app: influxdb spec: containers: - name: influxdb image: k8s.gcr.io/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /data name: influxdb-storage volumes: - name: influxdb-storage emptyDir: {} # cat influxdb-service.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: labels: task: monitoring kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true' kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-influxdb name: monitoring-influxdb namespace: kube-system spec: ports: - port: 8086 targetPort: 8086 selector: k8s-app: influxdb

获取heapster中的获取支持的metrics

# kubectl run -i --tty curl --namespace=kube-system \ --image=registry.59iedu.com/webwurst/curl-utils /bin/sh # curl http://heapster/api/v1/model/metrics # curl http://heapster/api/v1/model/debug/allkeys

# kubectl get node # kubectl top node

当heapster和influxdb pod都正常运行的时候，在dashboard里面就可以看到CPU和内存的监控数据了。

七、配置用户权限

1、删除apiserver里面basic认证相关的配置后重启apiserver--basic-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/basic_auth_file

# systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl restart kube-apiserver

2、删除clusterrolebinding

# kubectl delete clusterrolebinding login-on-dashboard-with-cluster-admin

3、修改k8s-dashborad-deployment.yaml文件去掉- --authentication-mode=basic参数

4、创建普通用户,赋予所有namespace下资源的get、watch和list权限。这里通过clusterrole和culsterrolebinding赋予所有namespace相关资源的get、watch、list权限，实际应用环境建议使用创建role和rolebinding指定特定的namespace相关资源权限，各资源权限的赋予规则遵循最小权限原则。

# cat rbac-yang.yaml kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: role-yang rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["*"] verbs: ["get","watch","list" ] - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"] resources: ["*"] verbs: ["get","watch","list" ] - apiGroups: ["rbac.authorization.k8s.io"] resources: ["*"] verbs: ["get","watch","list" ] - apiGroups: ["batch"] resources: ["*"] verbs: ["get","watch","list" ] - apiGroups: ["apps"] resources: ["*"] verbs: ["get","watch","list" ] - apiGroups: ["extensions"] resources: ["*"] verbs: ["get","watch","list" ] --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: role-bind-yang subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: yang namespace: kube-system roleRef: kind: ClusterRole name: role-yang apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io # kubectl create sa yang -n kube-system # kubectl create -f rbac-yang.yaml # kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep yang | awk '{print $1}')

5、测试普通用户的权限6、创建super用户admin

# kubectl create sa admin -n kube-system # cat rbac-admin.yaml apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: admin roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: admin namespace: kube-system # kubectl create -f rbac-admin.yaml # kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin | awk '{print $1}')

使用admin用户的token登陆后继承cluster-admin的权限参考：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/wiki/Creating-sample-userhttps://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/wiki/Access-controlhttps://github.com/kubernetes/heapster/blob/master/docs/model.md