Web服务(三)httpd参数配置以及编译安装

接上篇Web服务(二)httpd配置参数详细介绍这边继续介绍部分参数的配置实现；以及httpd-2.4的编译安装。

一、参数配置

13、https协议的实现

实现https之前需要先了解openssl；需要实现CA机制。openssl详情请参考Openssl、加密、解密和私有CA的实现过程；

SSL握手要完成的工作：

   交换协议版本号

   选择双方都支持的加密方式

   对两端实现身份验证

   密钥交换

https是二进制格式的协议，监听与tcp:443端口。SSL会话是基于IP地址进行；不支持在基于FQDN的虚拟主机上实现。

下面直接来配置https：

CA这里直接使用的一台机器当CA和客户端；

创建CA和客户端证书签署

#创建CA；详细过程就不贴了；以下是步骤 [Linux85]#cd /etc/pki/CA/ [Linux85]#(umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048) [Linux85]#openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365 [Linux85]#touch index.txt serial crlnumber [Linux85]#echo 00 > serial #生成客户端证书以及CA签署；CA与客户端都是同一台机器；也可以分为两台 [Linux85]#mkdir /etc/httpd/ssl [Linux85]#cd /etc/httpd/ssl [Linux85]#(umake 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 1024) [Linux85]#openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr [Linux85]#openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 365 #结束后把CA证书安装到windows中

安装mod_ssl模块和更改主配置文件实现支持ssl协议：

[Linux85]#yum -y install mod_ssl [Linux85]#rpm -ql mod_ssl /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf /usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_ssl.so /var/cache/mod_ssl /var/cache/mod_ssl/scache.dir /var/cache/mod_ssl/scache.pag /var/cache/mod_ssl/scache.sem [Linux85]# #配置 [Linux85]#vim ssl.conf #定位ServerName;开启下面两项 # General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configuration DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" ServerName www.soul.org:443 #下面两项关于密钥和证书文件的路径 # Server Certificate: # Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate. If # the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a # pass phrase. Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again. A new # certificate can be generated using the genkey(1) command. SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt # Server Private Key: # If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this # directive to point at the key file. Keep in mind that if # you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure # both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.) SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key [Linux85]#service httpd start [Linux85]#ss -tunl | grep 443 tcp LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::* #查看443端口以正常启动

提供主页文件

[Linux85]#vim /var/www/html/index.html This is https test page! # 把CA证书安装至windows中

测试访问正常；https协议正常使用。

14、配置httpd的status页面

[Linux85]#httpd -M | grep status #下述这个模块如存在即可配置 status_module (shared) Syntax OK [Linux85]# [Linux85]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #定位status；找到如下项开启 # Allow server status reports generated by mod_status, # with the URL of http://servername/server-status # Change the ".example.com" to match your domain to enable. # <Location /server-status> SetHandler server-status AuthType Basic #为了确保安装；这里做了认证 AuthName "server status" AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/conf/.htpasswd" Require valid-user Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 172.16.254.28 #限定只能改IP访问该页面 </Location>

测试访问需要验证；并且可以显示详细的httpd服务器信息。

15、利用mod_deflate模块压缩页面优化传输速度

[Linux85]#httpd -M | grep deflate deflate_module (shared) Syntax OK [Linux85]# # #主配置文件内没有定义；这里自己新建配置文件 [Linux85]#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/deflate.conf SetOutputFilter DEFLATE AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css # Level of compression (Highest 9 - Lowest 1) DeflateCompressionLevel 9 # Netscape 4.x has some problems. BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html # Netscape 4.06-4.08 have some more problems BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip # MSIE masquerades as Netscape, but it is fine BrowserMatch \bMSI[E] !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html [Linux85]#service httpd restart Stopping httpd: [ OK ] Starting httpd: [ OK ] [Linux85]#

测试成功。该功能并不是所有状态都适合；需要合理的判断。

二、httpd-2.4的编译安装

由于这篇一直未完成；后续的博客都以完成；且其中以含有2.4版本的编译安装。这里就不再赘述了。连接：Linux下编译安装LAMP并分离为多台服务器。

如有错误；恳请纠正。