1.分区并转换lvm格式
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd8e8fb90.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (2048-4485119, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4485119, default 4485119): +200M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First sector (411648-4485119, default 411648):
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-4485119, default 4485119): +200M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First sector (821248-4485119, default 821248):
Using default value 821248
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (821248-4485119, default 4485119): +200M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Selected partition 4
First sector (1230848-4485119, default 1230848):
Using default value 1230848
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1230848-4485119, default 4485119): +200M
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2296 MB, 2296381440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 279 cylinders, total 4485120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd8e8fb90
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 411648 821247 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 821248 1230847 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 1230848 1640447 204800 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 4
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2296 MB, 2296381440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 279 cylinders, total 4485120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd8e8fb90
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 411647 204800 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 411648 821247 204800 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 821248 1230847 204800 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb4 1230848 1640447 204800 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
2.将分区转换为pv物理卷,将pv加入到一个vg组中,从vg划出lv逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2,3,4} --将分区转换为物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan --查看物理卷
PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [7.51 GiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
PV /dev/sdb2 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
PV /dev/sdb3 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
PV /dev/sdb4 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
Total: 5 [8.29 GiB] / in use: 1 [7.51 GiB] / in no VG: 4 [800.00 MiB]
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/sdb{1,2,3} --将物理卷1,2,3加入到卷组
Volume group "vg0" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan --查看卷组
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "vg0" using metadata type lvm2
Found volume group "VolGroup" using metadata type lvm2
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n test -L 150M vg0 --从卷组中分出pv逻辑卷
Rounding up size to full physical extent 152.00 MiB
Logical volume "test" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n test1 -L 150M vg0
Rounding up size to full physical extent 152.00 MiB
Logical volume "test1" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/test' [152.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/test1' [152.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup/lv_root' [6.51 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup/lv_swap' [1.00 GiB] inherit
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/test --格式化物理卷
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
38912 inodes, 155648 blocks
7782 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
19 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg0/test /mnt/sdb --挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb/12 --可以使用了
[root@localhost ~]# ll /mnt/sdb/
total 14
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 1024 Jan 9 15:24 12
drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jan 9 15:23 lost+found
[root@localhost ~]#
3.扩大卷组(vg),扩大逻辑卷(pv)
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay vg0
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 588.00 MiB --卷组的大小是588M
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 147
Alloc PE / Size 76 / 304.00 MiB
Free PE / Size 71 / 284.00 MiB
VG UUID Pau9QC-3eru-dhF2-nJ3C-clpZ-vbDy-X023YM
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg0/test --查看lv(test)的大小
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg0/test
LV Name test
VG Name vg0
LV UUID uY4frU-gSy4-Pkwc-76Tw-Nh04-M7Ob-Tz8fPY
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-01-09 15:22:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 152.00 MiB --lv的大小是152M
Current LE 38
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
ext4 6.9G 6.4G 171M 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 262M 0 262M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 508M 48M 435M 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-test
ext4 155M 5.8M 141M 4% /mnt/sdb --挂载后的大小是155M
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +50M /dev/vg0/test --将逻辑卷test增加50M
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 52.00 MiB
Extending logical volume test to 204.00 MiB
Logical volume test successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/vg0/test --显示test逻辑卷的大小
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg0/test
LV Name test
VG Name vg0
LV UUID uY4frU-gSy4-Pkwc-76Tw-Nh04-M7Ob-Tz8fPY
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-01-09 15:22:40 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 204.00 MiB --大小变为204M
Current LE 51
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
ext4 6.9G 6.4G 171M 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 262M 0 262M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 508M 48M 435M 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-test
ext4 155M 5.8M 141M 4% /mnt/sdb --挂载的目录还没有变
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/vg0/test --强制修改分区的大小
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg0/test is mounted on /mnt/sdb; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg0/test to 208896 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/test is now 208896 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
ext4 6.9G 6.4G 171M 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 262M 0 262M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 508M 48M 435M 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-test
ext4 208M 6.1M 191M 4% /mnt/sdb --大小改变了
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay vg0 --查看卷组
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 588.00 MiB --卷组的大小是588M
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 147
Alloc PE / Size 76 / 304.00 MiB
Free PE / Size 71 / 284.00 MiB
VG UUID Pau9QC-3eru-dhF2-nJ3C-clpZ-vbDy-X023YM
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend vg0 /dev/sdb4 --将分区4加入到vg卷组中
Volume group "vg0" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay vg0 --查看卷组
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 4
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 4
Act PV 4
VG Size 784.00 MiB --卷组大小为784M
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 196
Alloc PE / Size 76 / 304.00 MiB
Free PE / Size 120 / 480.00 MiB
VG UUID Pau9QC-3eru-dhF2-nJ3C-clpZ-vbDy-X023YM
[root@localhost ~]#
4.减小卷组(vg),减小逻辑卷(pv)
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan --查看卷组大小
PV /dev/sdb1 VG vg0 lvm2 [196.00 MiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sdb2 VG vg0 lvm2 [196.00 MiB / 36.00 MiB free]
PV /dev/sdb3 VG vg0 lvm2 [196.00 MiB / 196.00 MiB free]
PV /dev/sdb4 VG vg0 lvm2 [196.00 MiB / 196.00 MiB free]
PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [7.51 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 5 [8.27 GiB] / in use: 5 [8.27 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
[root@localhost ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/sdb4 --将物理卷4移出vg卷组中
Removed "/dev/sdb4" from volume group "vg0"
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan --查看vg卷组的大小
PV /dev/sdb1 VG vg0 lvm2 [196.00 MiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sdb2 VG vg0 lvm2 [196.00 MiB / 36.00 MiB free]
PV /dev/sdb3 VG vg0 lvm2 [196.00 MiB / 196.00 MiB free]
PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [7.51 GiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sdb4 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
Total: 5 [8.28 GiB] / in use: 4 [8.08 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [200.00 MiB]
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay vg0 --查看卷组的大小
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 588.00 MiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 147
Alloc PE / Size 89 / 356.00 MiB
Free PE / Size 58 / 232.00 MiB
VG UUID Pau9QC-3eru-dhF2-nJ3C-clpZ-vbDy-X023YM
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/sdb/ --减小逻辑卷时必须卸载
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/vg0/test 100M --改变逻辑卷的大小100M
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg0/test to 102400 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/test is now 102400 blocks long.
[root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L 100M /dev/vg0/test --将逻辑卷test大小调为100M
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce test? [y/n]: y --输入y确认
Reducing logical volume test to 100.00 MiB
Logical volume test successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg0/test /mnt/sdb/ --挂载逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
ext4 6.9G 6.4G 171M 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 262M 0 262M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 508M 48M 435M 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-test
ext4 102M 5.8M 91M 7% /mnt/sdb --逻辑卷test大小变为100M
[root@localhost ~]#
5.创建逻辑卷快照
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /mnt/sdb/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /mnt/sdb/
total 142
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 1024 Jan 9 15:24 12
drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jan 9 15:23 lost+found
-rw-------. 1 root root 125811 Feb 22 2013 moduli
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 953 Jan 9 13:09 passwd
----------. 1 root root 627 Jan 9 13:09 shadow
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -s -L 50M -n sanp /dev/vg0/test --创建50M的逻辑快照
Rounding up size to full physical extent 52.00 MiB
Logical volume "sanp" created
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg0/sanp /mnt/sdb2/ --挂载快照
[root@localhost ~]# df -TH
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
ext4 6.9G 6.4G 171M 98% /
tmpfs tmpfs 262M 0 262M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 508M 48M 435M 10% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg0-test
ext4 102M 6.0M 91M 7% /mnt/sdb --逻辑卷大小
/dev/mapper/vg0-sanp
ext4 102M 6.0M 91M 7% /mnt/sdb2 --快照大小
[root@localhost ~]# ll /mnt/sdb2/
total 142
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 1024 Jan 9 15:24 12
drwx------. 2 root root 12288 Jan 9 15:23 lost+found
-rw-------. 1 root root 125811 Feb 22 2013 moduli
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 953 Jan 9 13:09 passwd
----------. 1 root root 627 Jan 9 13:09 shadow
[root@localhost ~]#
6.删除卷组(vg),删除物理卷(pv),删除逻辑卷(lv)
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan --查看逻辑卷
ACTIVE Original '/dev/vg0/test' [100.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/test1' [152.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE Snapshot '/dev/vg0/sanp' [52.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE Snapshot '/dev/vg0/sanp1' [52.00 MiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup/lv_root' [6.51 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup/lv_swap' [1.00 GiB] inherit
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/test --移除逻辑卷(必须卸载所有目录)
Do you really want to remove active logical volume sanp? [y/n]: y --输入y确认
Logical volume "sanp" successfully removed
Do you really want to remove active logical volume sanp1? [y/n]: y --输入y确认
Logical volume "sanp1" successfully removed
Do you really want to remove active logical volume test? [y/n]: y --输入y确认
Logical volume "test" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# vgscan --查看卷组(vg)
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "vg0" using metadata type lvm2
Found volume group "VolGroup" using metadata type lvm2
[root@localhost ~]# vgremove vg0 --移除卷组(vg)
Do you really want to remove volume group "vg0" containing 1 logical volumes? [y/n]: y --输入y确认
Do you really want to remove active logical volume test1? [y/n]: y --输入y确认
Logical volume "test1" successfully removed
Volume group "vg0" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/sda2 VG VolGroup lvm2 [7.51 GiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
PV /dev/sdb2 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
PV /dev/sdb3 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
PV /dev/sdb4 lvm2 [200.00 MiB]
Total: 5 [8.29 GiB] / in use: 1 [7.51 GiB] / in no VG: 4 [800.00 MiB]
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb{1,2,3,4} --移除物理卷
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully wiped
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully wiped
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully wiped
[root@localhost ~]#
7.在lvm逻辑卷中常用的命令
pvcreate --建物理分区建成pv
pvscan --显示具有pv的磁盘
pvdisplay --列出系统上的pv
pvremove --删除pv属性
vgcreate --创建vg命令
vgscan --查找系统中是否有vg存在
vgdisplay --目前系统vg的状态
vgextend --在vg中增加pv
vgremove --删除一个vg
vgchange --设置vg是否启动
vgreduce --在vg中删除pv
lvcreate --创建lv
lvscan --查询系统上的lv
lvdisplay --显示系统上的lv状态
lvextend --在lv中增加容量
lvreduce --在lv中减少容量
lvremove --删除lv
lvresize --对lv的容量进行调整