Android Gradle依赖管理、去除重复依赖、忽略的方式

常用依赖

 //1.直接依赖第三方开源库，一般是托管在 jitpack 或者 jcenter
 implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4'
 implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:25.0.0'
 implementation 'com.android.support:design:25.0.0'
 //2.直接依赖本地的aar文件，一般是在libs目录下
 implementation(name: 'LiteAVSDK_Professional_5.1.5293', ext: 'aar')
 //3.直接依赖本地的jar文件
 implementation files('libs/bdasr_V3_20170801_60da871.jar')
 //4.依赖本地的model
 implementation project(':wavelibrary')
 implementation project(':android-ffmpeg')

库工程依赖传递问题

1、依赖常用的基本类型有:provided和compile,provided 只在编译生效不会打包到 apk 或 aar 中;compile 是会打包到 apk或 aar 中的(如果是库工程的话有特殊情况,参考下面3).

2、app 工程的当前(compile+) 的依赖都会打包到 app 中

3、库工程中:

1) jar 包:远程依赖不会打包到 aar 中;本地依赖会;

2) aar:远程和本地都不不会打包到 aar中.

3) 如果你要提供你的库工程的 aar 给他人,你需要同时告诉他这个库工程依赖的其他aar 和远程 jar包(因为他们没有打包到 aar 中)

4) 如果通过工程依赖(即compile project(':lib')的方式), 依赖是可以传递的,所以不需要在声明一次依赖.

去掉重复依赖

1.第三方库中同样使用了implementation或者compile依赖相同的库

  implementation('com.allenliu.versionchecklib:library:2.0.5') {
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'appcompat-v7'
    exclude group: 'com.android.support.constraint', module: 'constraint-layout'
    exclude group: 'org.greenrobot', module: 'eventbus'
    exclude group: 'com.squareup.okhttp3', module: 'okhttp'
  }

2.在不同的库中出现相同的so文件

pickFirst只会打包第一个遇到的冲突的so，merge(碰到冲突会合并)和exclude(直接排除匹配到的文件,不建议使用)

 packagingOptions {
      pickFirst 'lib/arm64-v8a/libgnustl_shared.so'
      pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libgnustl_shared.so'
    }

遇到这种错误可以通过上面方法尝试解决

Error:Execution failed for task ‘:app:transformNativeLibsWithMergeJniLibsForDebug'. > More than one

补充知识：Gradle依赖的统一管理，解决依赖冲突

看见别人在用implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["xxxx"]不知道是什么意思，上网查了一下，原来是为了解决或者说预防gradle依赖冲突的问题。

在项目开发中我们会经常引入多个Module,然而每个Module中又包含了V4、V7，为了升级新版本依赖包只用更改一次，我们决定采用Gradle依赖的统一管理，避免重复繁琐的劳动。

记录get到的新知识，用法如下：

1.在Project目录下新建config.gradle文件，文件名可自定义

具体内容如下：

ext {

  android = [
      compileSdkVersion    : 27,
      buildToolsVersion    : "27.0.0",
      minSdkVersion      : 21,
      targetSdkVersion    : 27,
      versionCode       : 6,
      versionName       : "1.2.2",
      renderscriptTargetApi  : 21
  ]

  version = [
      supportLibraryVersion  : "26.1.1",
      okhttpVersion      : "3.9.0",
      retrofitVersion     : "2.3.0",
      glideVersion      : "4.0.0",
      butterknifeVersion   : "8.8.1",
      fragmentationVersion  : "1.1.9",
  ]

  dependencies = [
      //base
      "appcompat-v7"           : "com.android.support:appcompat-v7:${version["supportLibraryVersion"]}",
      "cardview-v7"            : "com.android.support:cardview-v7:${version["supportLibraryVersion"]}",
      "design"              : "com.android.support:design:${version["supportLibraryVersion"]}",
      "constraint-layout"         : "com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2",

      //net
      "gson"               : "com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.2",
      "okhttp"              : "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:${version["okhttpVersion"]}",
      "logging-interceptor"        : "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:${version["okhttpVersion"]}",
      "retrofit"             : "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:${version["retrofitVersion"]}",
      "converter-gson"          : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:${version["retrofitVersion"]}",
      "adapter-rxjava2"          : "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:${version["retrofitVersion"]}",

      //dao
      "greendao"             : "org.greenrobot:greendao:3.2.2",

      //rx
      "rxjava"              : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.5",
      "rxandroid"             : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1",
      "rxbinding"             : "com.jakewharton.rxbinding2:rxbinding:2.1.0",
      "rxpermissions"           : "com.tbruyelle.rxpermissions2:rxpermissions:0.9.5@aar",

      //di
      "javax_annotation"         : "org.glassfish:javax.annotation:10.0-b28",
      "butterknife"            : "com.jakewharton:butterknife:${version["butterknifeVersion"]}",
      "butterknife-compiler"       : "com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:${version["butterknifeVersion"]}",

      //multidex
      "multidex"             : "com.android.support:multidex:1.0.3",

      //kotlin
      "kotlin-stdlib"           : "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.2.10",

      //ui test
      "espresso-core"           : "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2",
      "espresso-idling-resource"     : "com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:3.0.2",

      //unit test , 为了整合mockito和PowerMockito，mockito暂时最高只支持2.8.9
      "junit"               : "junit:junit:4.12",
      "mockito"              : "org.mockito:mockito-core:2.8.9",
      "powermock-module-junit4"      : "org.powermock:powermock-module-junit4:1.7.4"

  ]

}

2.在Project的build.gradle中添加

apply from: "config.gradle"

3.在modle的build.gradle中添加引用

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
  compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.android["compileSdkVersion"]
  buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.android["buildToolsVersion"]

  defaultConfig {
    applicationId "json.chao.com.wanandroid"
    minSdkVersion rootProject.ext.android["minSdkVersion"]
    targetSdkVersion rootProject.ext.android["targetSdkVersion"]
    versionCode rootProject.ext.android["versionCode"]
    versionName rootProject.ext.android["versionName"]
    //AndroidJunitRunner必须要显示指定在defaultConfig中，使用Gradle依赖管理无法使其生效
    testInstrumentationRunner 'android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner'
    renderscriptTargetApi rootProject.ext.android["renderscriptTargetApi"]
    renderscriptSupportModeEnabled true  // Enable RS support
    multiDexEnabled true
    vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true
  }
}


  dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')

    //base
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["appcompat-v7"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["cardview-v7"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["design"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["constraint-layout"]

    //net
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["gson"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["okhttp"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["retrofit"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["converter-gson"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["adapter-rxjava2"]

    //dao
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["greendao"]

    //rx
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["rxjava"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["rxandroid"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["rxbinding"]
    implementation rootProject.ext.dependencies["rxpermissions"]

    //UI测试
    androidTestImplementation (rootProject.ext.dependencies["espresso-core"]) {
      exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    }
    implementation (rootProject.ext.dependencies["espresso-idling-resource"]) {
      exclude module: 'support-annotations'
    }
}

（两个文件中有不对应的依赖方法，that's ok, 只是粘贴代码的时候删除了一些，知道用法就行了）

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