特色栏目： python 批处理 net编程 Javascript Php Asp Css Html5 Android seo centos

Zabbix监控Nginx，并实现主机故障邮件通知

来源：互联网收集：自由互联发布时间：2023-02-04

在实际生产中会经常需要自定义一些各种中间件的监控项，自己一个个添加的话太繁琐了，之所以在zabbix官网和第三方网站都会提供大量的监控模板，有的写的非常可以，我们在生

在实际生产中会经常需要自定义一些各种中间件的监控项，自己一个个添加的话太繁琐了，之所以在zabbix官网和第三方网站都会提供大量的监控模板，有的写的非常可以，我们在生产中的话是可以去下载一些模板，并进行修改成自己适合的监控模版使用到生产环境中，这样的话也简便和高效。这里我还是在Linux主机上操作。

1、部署nginx服务

如果是使用编译安装nginx的话，需要添加--with-http_stub_status_module这个编译的参数，这里我就演示一下编译安装nginx了。

#安装nginx的时候也是要同时安装zabbix agent的，这里我就不安装zabbix agent了，我使用的这个主机在监控Linux主机是安装了，没安装的话可以执行下面的命令安装，安装了的话就直接执行apt -y install nginx就可以了 root@Linux:~# wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/5.0/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_5.0-1%2Bfocal_all.deb root@Linux:~# dpkg -i zabbix-release_5.0-1+focal_all.deb root@Linux:~# apt update root@Linux:~# apt -y install zabbix-agent #编译安装nginx root@Linux:~# cat install_all_nginx.sh #使用脚本来一键编译安装nginx #!/bin/bash SRC_DIR=/usr/local/src NGINX_URL=http://nginx.org/download/ NGINX_FILE=nginx-1.20.2 TAR=.tar.gz NGINX_INSTALL_DIR=/apps/nginx CPUS=`lscpu | awk '/^CPU$s$/{print $2}'` color () { RES_COL=60 MOVE_TO_COL="echo -en \\033[${RES_COL}G" SETCOLOR_SUCCESS="echo -en \\033[1;32m" SETCOLOR_FAILURE="echo -en \\033[1;31m" SETCOLOR_WARNING="echo -en \\033[1;33m" SETCOLOR_NORMAL="echo -en \E[0m" echo -n "$1" && $MOVE_TO_COL echo -n "[" if [ $2 = "success" -o $2 = "0" ] ;then ${SETCOLOR_SUCCESS} echo -n $" OK " elif [ $2 = "failure" -o $2 = "1" ] ;then ${SETCOLOR_FAILURE} echo -n $"FAILED" else ${SETCOLOR_WARNING} echo -n $"WARNING" fi ${SETCOLOR_NORMAL} echo -n "]" echo } os_type () { awk -F'[ "]' '/^NAME/{print $2}' /etc/os-release } os_version () { awk -F'"' '/^VERSION_ID/{print $2}' /etc/os-release } check () { [ -e ${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR} ] && { color "nginx 已安装,请卸载后再安装" 1; exit; } cd ${SRC_DIR} if [ -e ${NGINX_FILE}${TAR} ];then color "相关文件已准备好" 0 else color '开始下载 nginx 源码包' 0 wget ${NGINX_URL}${NGINX_FILE}${TAR} [ $? -ne 0 ] && { color "下载 ${NGINX_FILE}${TAR}文件失败" 1; exit; } fi } install () { color "开始安装 nginx" 0 if id nginx &> /dev/null;then color "nginx 用户已存在" 1 else useradd -s /sbin/nologin -r nginx color "创建 nginx 用户" 0 fi color "开始安装 nginx 依赖包" 0 if [ `os_type` == "CentOS" -a `os_version` == '8' ] ;then yum -y -q install make gcc-c++ libtool pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed elif [ `os_type` == "CentOS" -a `os_version` == '7' ];then yum -y -q install make gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed else apt update &> /dev/null apt -y install make gcc libpcre3 libpcre3-dev openssl libssl-dev zlib1g-dev &> /dev/null fi cd $SRC_DIR tar xf ${NGINX_FILE}${TAR} NGINX_DIR=`echo ${NGINX_FILE}${TAR}| sed -nr 's/^(.*[0-9]).*/\1/p'` cd ${NGINX_DIR} ./configure --prefix=${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR} --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module make -j $CPUS && make install [ $? -eq 0 ] && color "nginx 编译安装成功" 0 || { color "nginx 编译安装失败,退出!" 1 ;exit; } echo "PATH=${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/sbin:${PATH}" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh cat > /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service <<EOF [Unit] Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/logs/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=/bin/rm -f ${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/logs/nginx.pid ExecStartPre=${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/sbin/nginx -t ExecStart=${NGINX_INSTALL_DIR}/sbin/nginx ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP \$MAINPID KillSignal=SIGQUIT LimitNOFILE=100000 TimeoutStopSec=5 KillMode=process PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable --now nginx &> /dev/null systemctl is-active nginx &> /dev/null || { color "nginx 启动失败,退出!" 1 ; exit; } color "nginx 安装完成" 0 } check install root@Linux:~# bash install_all_nginx.sh root@Linux:~# ln -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/ root@Linux:~# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.20.2 built by gcc 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) built with OpenSSL 1.1.1f 31 Mar 2020 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/apps/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module root@Linux:~# vi /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #在server语句块中加上以下语句块 #配置nginx的状态页 location /nginx_status { stub_status; allow 10.0.0.0/24; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } root@Linux:~# nginx -t #检查nginx配置文件的语法 nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful root@Linux:~# nginx -s reload #重新加载nginx配置文件，使其刚刚修改的配置生效 root@Linux:~# lsof -i:80 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME nginx 184102 root 6u IPv4 385155 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) nginx 194036 nginx 6u IPv4 385155 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) nginx 194037 nginx 6u IPv4 385155 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN) 在另一个主机上检测状态页是否可以访问 root@zabbix-server:~# curl http://10.0.0.102/nginx_status #这里我在浏览器上也打开了浏览状态页 Active connections: 3 server accepts handled requests 4 4 4 Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 2 名词解释 Active connections：当前出于活动状态的客户端连接数，包括连接等待空闲连接数 accepts：统计总值，Nginx自启动后已经接受的客户端请求的总数 handled：统计总值，Nginx自启动后已经处理完成的客户端请求的总数，通常此值等于accepts的值，除非因worker_coonections限制等被拒绝的连接 requests：统计总值，Nginx自启动后客户端发来的总的请求数 Reading: 当前状态，正在读取客户端请求报文首部的连接的连接数 Writing: 当前状态，正在向客户端发送响应报文过程中的连接数 Waiting: 当前状态，正在等待客户端发出请求的空闲连接数，开启keep-alive的情况下,这个值等于active - (Reading+Writing)

2、编辑监控获取数据的脚本

#在生产中的连接数是不止这么多的，这数值是我刚刚用了循环语句造的 root@zabbix-server:~# curl http://10.0.0.102/nginx_status Active connections: 1 server accepts handled requests 583 583 599 Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0 root@Linux:~# cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/ root@Linux:/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d# vi nginx_monitor.sh #!/bin/bash nginx_status_fun(){ NGINX_PORT=$1 NGINX_COMMAND=$2 nginx_active(){ /usr/bin/curl http://10.0.0.102:"${NGINX_PORT}"/nginx_status 2> /dev/null | grep 'Active' | awk '{print $NF}' } nginx_reading(){ /usr/bin/curl http://10.0.0.102:"${NGINX_PORT}"/nginx_status 2> /dev/null | grep 'Reading' | awk '{print $2}' } nginx_writing(){ /usr/bin/curl http://10.0.0.102:"${NGINX_PORT}"/nginx_status 2> /dev/null | grep 'Writing' | awk '{print $4}' } nginx_waiting(){ /usr/bin/curl http://10.0.0.102:"${NGINX_PORT}"/nginx_status 2> /dev/null | grep 'Waiting' | awk '{print $6}' } nginx_accepts(){ /usr/bin/curl http://10.0.0.102:"${NGINX_PORT}"/nginx_status 2> /dev/null | awk NR==3 | awk '{print $1}' } nginx_handled(){ /usr/bin/curl http://10.0.0.102:"${NGINX_PORT}"/nginx_status 2> /dev/null | awk NR==3 | awk '{print $2}' } nginx_requests(){ /usr/bin/curl http://10.0.0.102:"${NGINX_PORT}"/nginx_status 2> /dev/null | awk NR==3 | awk '{print $3}' } case $NGINX_COMMAND in active) nginx_active; ;; reading) nginx_reading; ;; writing) nginx_writing; ;; waiting) nginx_waiting; ;; accepts) nginx_accepts; ;; handled) nginx_handled; ;; requests) nginx_requests; ;; esac } main(){ case $1 in nginx_status) nginx_status_fun $2 $3; ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {nginx_status key}" esac } main $1 $2 $3 root@Linux:/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d# chmod a+x nginx_monitor.sh root@Linux:/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d# bash nginx_monitor.sh nginx_status 80 active 1 root@Linux:/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d# bash nginx_monitor.sh nginx_status 80 reading 0

3、Zabbix agent添加自定义监控项

root@Linux:~# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf root@Linux:~# grep -Ev "#|^$" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf PidFile=/tmp/zabbix_agentd.pid LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_agentd.log LogFileSize=0 Server=10.0.0.100,10.0.0.104 ListenPort=10050 ListenIP=0.0.0.0 StartAgents=3 ServerActive=10.0.0.104 Hostname=10.0.0.102 Timeout=30 AllowRoot=1 User=root Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/*.conf UserParameter=linux_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/tcp_conn_plugin.sh "$1" "$2" UserParameter=memcache_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/memcache_monitor.sh "$1" "$2" "$3" UserParameter=redis_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/redis_monitor.sh "$1" "$2" "$3" UserParameter=nginx_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/nginx_monitor.sh "$1" "$2" "$3" root@Linux:~# systemctl restart zabbix-agent

4、在Zabbix server上测试是否可以获取数据

root@zabbix-server:~# zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.102 -p 10050 -k "nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"active"]" 1 root@zabbix-server:~# zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.102 -p 10050 -k "nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"reading"]" 0