1. Maven 添加依赖 dependency groupIdcom.squareup.okhttp3/groupId artifactIdokhttp/artifactId version3.10.0/version/dependency 2. application.properties 配置文件 ok.http.connect-timeout=30ok.http.read-timeout=30ok.http.write-timeout=
1. Maven 添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId> <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId> <version>3.10.0</version> </dependency>
2. application.properties 配置文件
ok.http.connect-timeout=30 ok.http.read-timeout=30 ok.http.write-timeout=30 # 连接池中整体的空闲连接的最大数量 ok.http.max-idle-connections=200 # 连接空闲时间最多为 300 秒 ok.http.keep-alive-duration=300
3. OkHttpConfiguration 配置类
import okhttp3.ConnectionPool;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.net.ssl.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @author Answer.AI.L
* @date 2019-04-09
*/
@Configuration
public class OkHttpConfiguration {
@Value("${ok.http.connect-timeout}")
private Integer connectTimeout;
@Value("${ok.http.read-timeout}")
private Integer readTimeout;
@Value("${ok.http.write-timeout}")
private Integer writeTimeout;
@Value("${ok.http.max-idle-connections}")
private Integer maxIdleConnections;
@Value("${ok.http.keep-alive-duration}")
private Long keepAliveDuration;
@Bean
public OkHttpClient okHttpClient() {
return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory(), x509TrustManager())
// 是否开启缓存
.retryOnConnectionFailure(false)
.connectionPool(pool())
.connectTimeout(connectTimeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(readTimeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.writeTimeout(writeTimeout,TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.hostnameVerifier((hostname, session) -> true)
// 设置代理
// .proxy(new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8888)))
// 拦截器
// .addInterceptor()
.build();
}
@Bean
public X509TrustManager x509TrustManager() {
return new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
};
}
@Bean
public SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory() {
try {
// 信任任何链接
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{x509TrustManager()}, new SecureRandom());
return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyManagementException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Bean
public ConnectionPool pool() {
return new ConnectionPool(maxIdleConnections, keepAliveDuration, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
4. OkHttp 类
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import okhttp3.*;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Answer.AI.L
* @date 2019-04-09
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class OkHttpCli {
private static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");
private static final MediaType XML = MediaType.parse("application/xml; charset=utf-8");
@Autowired
private OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
/**
* get 请求
* @param url 请求url地址
* @return string
* */
public String doGet(String url) {
return doGet(url, null, null);
}
/**
* get 请求
* @param url 请求url地址
* @param params 请求参数 map
* @return string
* */
public String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
return doGet(url, params, null);
}
/**
* get 请求
* @param url 请求url地址
* @param headers 请求头字段 {k1, v1 k2, v2, ...}
* @return string
* */
public String doGet(String url, String[] headers) {
return doGet(url, null, headers);
}
/**
* get 请求
* @param url 请求url地址
* @param params 请求参数 map
* @param headers 请求头字段 {k1, v1 k2, v2, ...}
* @return string
* */
public String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params, String[] headers) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(url);
if (params != null && params.keySet().size() > 0) {
boolean firstFlag = true;
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
if (firstFlag) {
sb.append("?").append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));
firstFlag = false;
} else {
sb.append("&").append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));
}
}
}
Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
if (headers != null && headers.length > 0) {
if (headers.length % 2 == 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i = i + 2) {
builder.addHeader(headers[i], headers[i + 1]);
}
} else {
log.warn("headers's length[{}] is error.", headers.length);
}
}
Request request = builder.url(sb.toString()).build();
log.info("do get request and url[{}]", sb.toString());
return execute(request);
}
/**
* post 请求
* @param url 请求url地址
* @param params 请求参数 map
* @return string
*/
public String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
if (params != null && params.keySet().size() > 0) {
for (String key : params.keySet()) {
builder.add(key, params.get(key));
}
}
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(builder.build()).build();
log.info("do post request and url[{}]", url);
return execute(request);
}
/**
* post 请求, 请求数据为 json 的字符串
* @param url 请求url地址
* @param json 请求数据, json 字符串
* @return string
*/
public String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
log.info("do post request and url[{}]", url);
return exectePost(url, json, JSON);
}
/**
* post 请求, 请求数据为 xml 的字符串
* @param url 请求url地址
* @param xml 请求数据, xml 字符串
* @return string
*/
public String doPostXml(String url, String xml) {
log.info("do post request and url[{}]", url);
return exectePost(url, xml, XML);
}
private String exectePost(String url, String data, MediaType contentType) {
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(contentType, data);
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(requestBody).build();
return execute(request);
}
private String execute(Request request) {
Response response = null;
try {
response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
if (response.isSuccessful()) {
return response.body().string();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
}
return "";
}
}
5. 使用验证
@RestController
public class AnswerController {
@Autowired
private OkHttpCli okHttpCli;
@RequestMapping(value = "show", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String show() {
String url = "https://www.baidu.com/";
String message = okHttpCli.doGet(url);
return message;
}
}
6. 双向认证(待证)
@Bean
public SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory() {
String certPath = "";
String caPath = "";
String certPwd = "";
String caPwd = "";
try {
ClassPathResource selfcertPath = new ClassPathResource(certPath);
ClassPathResource trustcaPath = new ClassPathResource(caPath);
KeyStore selfCert = KeyStore.getInstance("pkcs12");
selfCert.load(selfcertPath.getInputStream(), certPwd.toCharArray());
KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("sunx509");
kmf.init(selfCert, certPwd.toCharArray());
KeyStore caCert = KeyStore.getInstance("jks");
caCert.load(trustcaPath.getInputStream(), caPwd.toCharArray());
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("sunx509");
tmf.init(caCert);
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);
return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
补充：Spring Cloud Feign 总结问题，注意点，性能调优，切换okhttp3
Feign常见问题总结
FeignClient接口如使用@PathVariable ，必须指定value属性
//在一些早期版本中， @PathVariable("id") 中的 "id" ，也就是value属性，必须指定，不能省略。
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
...
}
Java代码自定义Feign Client的注意点与坑
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", configuration = UserFeignConfig.class)
public interface UserFeignClient {
@GetMapping("/users/{id}")
User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
/**
* 该Feign Client的配置类，注意：
* 1. 该类可以独立出去；
* 2. 该类上也可添加@Configuration声明是一个配置类；
* 配置类上也可添加@Configuration注解，声明这是一个配置类；
* 但此时千万别将该放置在主应用程序上下文@ComponentScan所扫描的包中，
* 否则，该配置将会被所有Feign Client共享，无法实现细粒度配置！
* 个人建议：像我一样，不加@Configuration注解
*
* @author zhouli
*/
class UserFeignConfig {
@Bean
public Logger.Level logger() {
return Logger.Level.FULL;
}
}
配置类上也可添加@Configuraiton 注解，声明这是一个配置类；但此时千万别将该放置在主应用程序上下文@ComponentScan 所扫描的包中，否则，该配置将会被所有Feign Client共享（相当于变成了通用配置，其实本质还是Spring父子上下文扫描包重叠导致的问题），无法实现细粒度配置！
个人建议：像我一样，不加@Configuration注解，省得进坑。
最佳实践：尽量用配置属性自定义Feign的配置！！！
@FeignClient 注解属性
//@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
//在早期的Spring Cloud版本中，无需提供name属性，从Brixton版开始，@FeignClient必须提供name属性，否则应用将无法正常启动！
//另外，name、url等属性支持占位符。例如：
@FeignClient(name = "${feign.name}", url = "${feign.url}")
类级别的@RequestMapping会被Spring MVC加载
@RequestMapping("/users")
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-user")
public class TestFeignClient {
// ...
}
类上的@RequestMapping 注解也会被Spring MVC加载。该问题现已经被解决，早期的版本有两种解决方案：方案1：不在类上加@RequestMapping 注解；方案2：添加如下代码：
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Feign.class })
public class FeignMappingDefaultConfiguration {
@Bean
public WebMvcRegistrations feignWebRegistrations() {
return new WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter() {
@Override
public RequestMappingHandlerMapping getRequestMappingHandlerMapping() {
return new FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping();
}
};
}
private static class FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingHandlerMapping {
@Override
protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) {
return super.isHandler(beanType) && !beanType.isInterface();
}
}
}
首次请求失败Ribbon的饥饿加载(eager-load)模式
如需产生Hystrix Stream监控信息，需要做一些额外操作Feign本身已经整合了Hystrix，可直接使用@FeignClient(value = "microservice-provider-user", fallback = XXX.class) 来指定fallback类，fallback类继承@FeignClient所标注的接口即可。
但是假设如需使用Hystrix Stream进行监控，默认情况下，访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream 是会返回404，这是因为Feign虽然整合了Hystrix，但并没有整合Hystrix的监控。如何添加监控支持呢？需要以下几步：
第一步：添加依赖，示例：
<!-- 整合hystrix，其实feign中自带了hystrix，引入该依赖主要是为了使用其中的hystrix-metrics-event-stream，用于dashboard --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency>
第二步：在启动类上添加@EnableCircuitBreaker 注解，示例：
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class MovieFeignHystrixApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MovieFeignHystrixApplication.class, args);
}
}
第三步：在application.yml中添加如下内容，暴露hystrix.stream端点：
management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: 'hystrix.stream'
这样，访问任意Feign Client接口的API后，再访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream ，就会展示一大堆Hystrix监控数据了。
Feign 上传文件
加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.0.3</version> </dependency>
编写Feign Client
@FeignClient(name = "ms-content-sample", configuration = UploadFeignClient.MultipartSupportConfig.class)
public interface UploadFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST,
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE},
consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@ResponseBody
String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file);
class MultipartSupportConfig {
@Bean
public Encoder feignFormEncoder() {
return new SpringFormEncoder();
}
}
}
如代码所示，在这个Feign Client中，我们引用了配置类MultipartSupportConfig ，在MultipartSupportConfig 中，我们实例化了SpringFormEncoder 。这样这个Feign Client就能够上传啦。
注意点
//RequestMapping注解中的produeces 、consumes 不能少；
@RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST,
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE},
consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
接口定义中的注解@RequestPart(value = "file") 不能写成@RequestParam(value = "file"） 。
最好将Hystrix的超时时间设长一点，例如5秒，否则可能文件还没上传完，Hystrix就超时了，从而导致客户端侧的报错。
Feign实现Form表单提交
添加依赖：
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency>
Feign Client示例：
@FeignClient(name = "xxx", url = "http://www.itmuch.com/", configuration = TestFeignClient.FormSupportConfig.class)
public interface TestFeignClient {
@PostMapping(value = "/test",
consumes = {MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE},
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}
)
void post(Map<String, ?> queryParam);
class FormSupportConfig {
@Autowired
private ObjectFactory<HttpMessageConverters> messageConverters;
// new一个form编码器，实现支持form表单提交
@Bean
public Encoder feignFormEncoder() {
return new SpringFormEncoder(new SpringEncoder(messageConverters));
}
// 开启Feign的日志
@Bean
public Logger.Level logger() {
return Logger.Level.FULL;
}
}
}
调用示例：
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
HashMap<String, String> param = Maps.newHashMap();
param.put("username","zhangsan");
param.put("password","pwd");
this.testFeignClient.post(param);
return new User();
}
日志：
...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> POST http://www.baidu.com/test HTTP/1.1 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Accept: application/json;charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8 ...[TestFeignClient#post] Content-Length: 30 ...[TestFeignClient#post] ...[TestFeignClient#post] password=pwd&username=zhangsan ...[TestFeignClient#post] ---> END HTTP (30-byte body)
由日志可知，此时Feign已能使用Form表单方式提交数据。
Feign GET请求如何构造多参数
假设需请求的URL包含多个参数，例如http://microservice-provider-user/get?id=1&username=张三 ，该如何使用Feign构造呢？我们知道，Spring Cloud为Feign添加了Spring MVC的注解支持，那么我们不妨按照Spring MVC的写法尝试一下：
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User get0(User user);
}
然而，这种写法并不正确，控制台会输出类似如下的异常。
feign.FeignException: status 405 reading UserFeignClient#get0(User); content:
{"timestamp":1482676142940,"status":405,"error":"Method Not Allowed","exception":"org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException","message":"Request method 'POST' not supported","path":"/get"}
由异常可知，尽管我们指定了GET方法，Feign依然会使用POST方法发送请求。于是导致了异常。正确写法如下
方法一[推荐]注意:使用该方法无法使用Fegin的继承模式
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@GetMapping("/get")
public User get0(@SpringQueryMap User user);
}
方法二[推荐]
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User get1(@RequestParam("id") Long id, @RequestParam("username") String username);
}
这是最为直观的方式，URL有几个参数，Feign接口中的方法就有几个参数。使用@RequestParam注解指定请求的参数是什么。
方法三[不推荐]多参数的URL也可使用Map来构建。当目标URL参数非常多的时候，可使用这种方式简化Feign接口的编写。
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public User get2(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> map);
}
在调用时，可使用类似以下的代码。
public User get(String username, String password) {
HashMap<String, Object> map = Maps.newHashMap();
map.put("id", "1");
map.put("username", "张三");
return this.userFeignClient.get2(map);
}
注意：这种方式不建议使用。主要是因为可读性不好，而且如果参数为空的时候会有一些问题，例如map.put("username", null); 会导致服务调用方（消费者服务）接收到的username是"" ，而不是null。
切换为 Okhttp3 提升 QPS 性能优化
加依赖引入okhttp3
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
<version>${version}</version>
</dependency>
写配置
feign: # feign启用hystrix，才能熔断、降级 # hystrix: # enabled: true # 启用 okhttp 关闭默认 httpclient httpclient: enabled: false #关闭httpclient # 配置连接池 max-connections: 200 #feign的最大连接数 max-connections-per-route: 50 #fegin单个路径的最大连接数 okhttp: enabled: true # 请求与响应的压缩以提高通信效率 compression: request: enabled: true min-request-size: 2048 mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json response: enabled: true
参数配置
/**
* 配置 okhttp 与连接池
* ConnectionPool 默认创建5个线程，保持5分钟长连接
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(Feign.class)
@AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class) //SpringBoot自动配置
public class OkHttpConfig {
// 默认老外留给你彩蛋中文乱码，加上它就 OK
@Bean
public Encoder encoder() {
return new FormEncoder();
}
@Bean
public okhttp3.OkHttpClient okHttpClient() {
return new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder()
//设置连接超时
.connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//设置读超时
.readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//设置写超时
.writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//是否自动重连
.retryOnConnectionFailure(true)
.connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(10, 5L, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
.build();
}
}
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持易盾网络。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方，望不吝赐教。