前言:
开发工具:IntelliJ IDEA 2020版 (Ultimate Edition)
框架:spring boot 、spring cloud
搭建一套spring cloud微服务系统,实现服务之间的调用。
需要搭建一个父工程springcloud-test,一个服务注册中心eureka-server,两个微服务cloud-client,cloud-provider。
两个微服务均注册到服务注册中心。
一.搭建父项目
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(1)删掉src目录
(2)定义pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.4.1</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.chen.test</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-test</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> </project>
二.搭建eureka-server注册中心
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(1)定义pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--引入父工程依赖--> <parent> <groupId>com.chen.test</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-test</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.chen.test</groupId> <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>eureka-server</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.0</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> </repository> </repositories> </project>
(2)删掉test文件夹(自己设置,可有可无)
(3)启动加注解@EnableEurekaServer(开启eureka服务)
package com.chen.test.eurekaserver; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class EurekaServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args); } }
(4)定义配置文件
配置文件改为application.yml(可有可无,看自己喜好)
server: port: 8080 spring: application: #应用名称(在注册中显示的) name: eureka-server eureka: client: #此客户端是否获取eureka服务器注册表上的注册信息,默认为true fetch-registry: false #实例是否在eureka服务器上注册自己的信息以供其他服务发现,默认为true,即自己注册自己。 register-with-eureka: true #与Eureka注册服务中心的通信zone和url地址 serviceUrl: #http://localhost:8080/eureka/eureka defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka #服务注册中心实例的主机名 instance: hostname: 127.0.0.1 prefer-ip-address: true instance-id: 127.0.0.1:8080 server: #设为false,关闭自我保护,即Eureka server在云心光器件会去统计心跳失败比例在15分钟之内是否低于85%,如果低于85%,EurekaServer #会将这些事例保护起来,让这些事例不会过期,但是在保护器内如果刚哈这个服务提供者非正常下线了,此时服务消费者会拿到一个无效的服务 #实例,此时调用会失败,对于这个问题需要服务消费者端有一些容错机制,如重试、断路器等; enable-self-preservation: false #扫描失效服务的间隔时间(单位是毫秒,摩恩是60*1000),即60s eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 10000
(5)测试
三.搭建提供者服务
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(1)定义pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--引入父工程依赖--> <parent> <groupId>com.chen.test</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-test</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.chen.test</groupId> <artifactId>cloud-provider</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>cloud-provider</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.0</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> </repository> </repositories> </project>
(2)删除test文件加(可有可无)
(3)修改配置文件为application.yml(可有可无)
spring: application: name: cloud-provider server: port: 8081 eureka: client: #此客户端是否获取eureka服务器注册表上的注册信息,默认为true fetch-registry: false #实例是否在eureka服务器上注册自己的信息以供其他服务发现,默认为true,即自己注册自己。 register-with-eureka: true service-url: #defaultZone 这个是不会提示的,此处需要自己写 #实际上属性应该是service-url,这个属性是个map(key-value)格式;当key是defaultZone的时候才能被解析;所以这里没有提示, #但是自己还需要写一个defaultZone; defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka #服务注册中心实例的主机名 instance: hostname: 127.0.0.1 prefer-ip-address: true instance-id: 127.0.0.1:8081
(4)启动类加注解@EnableEurekaClient
package com.chen.test.cloudprovider; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class CloudProviderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(CloudProviderApplication.class, args); } }
(5)测试
四.搭建消费者服务
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(1)定义pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--引入父工程依赖--> <parent> <groupId>com.chen.test</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-test</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <groupId>com.chen.demo</groupId> <artifactId>cloud-client</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>cloud-client</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.0</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-milestones</id> <name>Spring Milestones</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> </repository> </repositories> </project>
(2)删除test文件夹(可有可无)
(3)修改配置文件为application.yml(可有可无)
server: #定义端口号 port: 8082 spring: application: #定义应用名称,即服务名称 name: cloud-client eureka: client: service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8080/eureka #服务注册中心实例的主机名 instance: hostname: 127.0.0.1 prefer-ip-address: true instance-id: 127.0.0.1:8082
(4)启动类加注解@EnableEurekaClient
package com.chen.demo.cloudclient; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class CloudClientApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(CloudClientApplication.class, args); } }
(5)测试
(6)在父pom中加上
<modules> <module>eureka-server</module> <module>cloud-provider</module> <module>cloud-client</module> </modules>
五.实现服务之间的调用
1.在cloud-provider中创建controller包和service包
package com.chen.test.cloudprovider.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.chen.test.cloudprovider.service.HelloService; @RestController @RequestMapping("/hello") public class HelloController { @Autowired private HelloService helloService; @GetMapping("/getHello") public String getHello(){ return helloService.getHello(); } }
package com.chen.test.cloudprovider.service; public interface HelloService { String getHello(); }
package com.chen.test.cloudprovider.service.impl; import com.chen.test.cloudprovider.service.HelloService; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService { @Override public String getHello() { return "你好兄弟"; } }
(2)测试
(3)在cloud-client中创建controller包和service包
package com.chen.demo.cloudclient.controller; import com.chen.demo.cloudclient.service.HelloService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.annotation.Resource; @RestController @RequestMapping("/Hello") public class HelloClient { @Autowired private HelloService helloService; @GetMapping("/getClient") public String getClient(){ return helloService.getProduct(); } }
package com.chen.demo.cloudclient.service; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; //name 为product项目中application.yml配置文件中的application.name; //path 为product项目中application.yml配置文件中的context.path; @FeignClient(name = "cloud-provider",path ="/hello" ) //@Componet注解最好加上,不加idea会显示有错误,但是不影响系统运行; @Component public interface HelloService { @RequestMapping(value = "getHello") String getProduct(); }
特别注意
在启动类加上注解@EnableFeignClients
package com.chen.demo.cloudclient; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableFeignClients public class CloudClientApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(CloudClientApplication.class, args); } }
(4)测试
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