在实际生产中经常需要自定义各种软件的Zabbix的监控项，相对繁琐，在Zabbix官网和第三方网站都提供了大量的监控模板，很多写得非常完美，我们可下载并导入这些模板，并进行修改成
在实际生产中经常需要自定义各种软件的Zabbix的监控项，相对繁琐，在Zabbix官网和第三方网站都提供了大量的监控模板，很多写得非常完美，我们可下载并导入这些模板，并进行修改成适合自己生产用的监控模板，非常便利和高效。本文介绍利用现有的模板对nginx的活动连接和当前状态等运行状态等项目进行监控的全过程。
基本步骤： 通过脚本采集Nginx状态页数据 → zabbix agent获取监控项数据 → 导入监控模板 → 检查并修改完善监控项、触发器及图形 → 验证数据
1. 部署Nginx
如果是编译安装需要添加编译参数--with-http_stub_status_module；本次采用yum安装方式。
#### 安装并配置Nginx，前面还需要安装zabbix agent## 配置zabbix 的yum源并安装zabbix agent
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#rpm -Uvh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/rhel/8/x86_64/zabbix-release-6.0-1.el8.noarch.rpm
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#dnf clean all
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#dnf -y install zabbix-agent
########################################################################
#### 安装nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#yum info nginx
.......................
Name : nginx
Epoch : 1
Version : 1.14.1
.......................
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#yum install -y nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#find / -name nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
.........................
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
########################加上下面这段启用nginx状态页的配置######################
location /nginx_status {
stub_status;
allow 192.168.0.0/16;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
########################加上上面这段启用nginx状态页的配置######################
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
............................
#### 定位nginx二进制可执行文件位置并验证语法
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#find / -name nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx
/var/lib/nginx
/var/log/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/nginx
/usr/lib64/nginx
/usr/share/licenses/nginx
/usr/share/doc/nginx
/usr/share/nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#/usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#
#### 启动Nginx服务
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#ss -tln
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 511 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 511 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:10050 [::]:*#### 在IP88上配置好nginx的状态页后，切换到另外主机测试状态页的访问
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#curl http://192.168.250.88/nginx_status
Active connections: 1
server accepts handled requests
3 3 3
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#
2. 自定义监控项脚本：
#### 脚本的编写思路，是通过访问Nginx的状态页面，并抽取需要监控的数据在Zabbix上去显示、分析并报警## 本机上通过命令查看到的信息
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/"
Active connections: 1
server accepts handled requests
717 717 717
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#
## 依据上面的现实信息，利用shell命令抽取需要的关键数据
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim nginx_monitor.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status_fun(){
NGINX_PORT=$1
NGINX_COMMAND=$2
nginx_active(){
/usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Active' | awk '{print $NF}'
}
nginx_reading(){
/usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Reading' | awk '{print $2}'
}
nginx_writing(){
/usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Writing' | awk '{print $4}'
}
nginx_waiting(){
/usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| grep 'Waiting' | awk '{print $6}'
}
nginx_accepts(){
/usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $1}'
}
nginx_handled(){
/usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $2}'
}
nginx_requests(){
/usr/bin/curl "http://127.0.0.1:"$NGINX_PORT"/nginx_status/" 2>/dev/null| awk NR==3 | awk '{print $3}'
}
case $NGINX_COMMAND in
active)
nginx_active;
;;
reading)
nginx_reading;
;;
writing)
nginx_writing;
;;
waiting)
nginx_waiting;
;;
accepts)
nginx_accepts;
;;
handled)
nginx_handled;
;;
requests)
nginx_requests;
esac
}
main(){
case $1 in
nginx_status)
nginx_status_fun $2 $3;
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {nginx_status key}"
esac
}
main $1 $2 $3
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#
## 授权可执行权限
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#chmod a+x nginx_monitor.sh
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#ll
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1471 May 24 11:48 nginx_monitor.sh
## 测试脚本运行
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#bash nginx_monitor.sh nginx_status 80 active
1
3. Zabbix Agent添加自定义监控项
#### 前面已经安装好zabbix_agent，修改并配置好zabbix_agent[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
..............................
# UserParameter=
UserParameter=nginx_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/nginx_monitor.sh "$1" "$2" "$3"
..............................
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#systemctl restart zabbix-agent
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
PidFile=/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log
LogFileSize=0
Server=192.168.250.18
ListenPort=10050
ServerActive=127.0.0.1
Hostname=192.168.250.88
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/*.conf
UserParameter=nginx_status[*],/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/nginx_monitor.sh "$1" "$2" "$3"
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#
4. Zabbix Server命令行测试监控项数据
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#yum install zabbix-get.x86_64[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#find / -name zabbix_get
/usr/bin/zabbix_get
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#/usr/bin/zabbix_get -s 192.168.250.88 -p 10050 -k "nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"active"]"
1
[root@CentOS84-IP18 ]#
5. 导入Nginx监控模板
Zabbix 官网及第三方网站有比较多的模板可以下载，本次导入已经准备并修改好的Nginx监控模板，来建立对nginx的监控。
6. 添加主机并关联模板
配置 --- 主机 --- 创建主机 
7. 验证监控数据
8. https（SSL443） 报错处置
实际生产中使用http越来越少，考虑安全都用https来构建网站的访问，在监控模板内有对Nginx的HTTPS端口的监控，如果不可用就会报警，我们前面做nginx的配置时候特意没开启这个端口，埋下这个坑目的就是演示Zabbix报告问题后演示处置Zabbix在问题修复后的监控显示变化过程。
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
.......................
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen 443 ssl;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location /nginx_status {
stub_status;
allow 192.168.0.0/16;
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
.......................
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#find / -name nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx
/var/lib/nginx
/var/log/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/auto/nginx
/usr/lib64/nginx
/usr/share/licenses/nginx
/usr/share/doc/nginx
/usr/share/nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#/usr/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#systemctl restart nginx
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#ss -tln
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 511 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 511 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:*
[root@CentOS84-IP88 ]#
经过上面对nginx的配置修改，添加了ssl443端口的监听后，在Zabbix上观测到故障提示已经消除了。
9. 监控模板源代码
监控模板文件：Nginx_Monitor.xml 是yaml格式的文件，内容如下：
version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>6.0
2022-05-24T07:57:21Z
7df96b18c230490a9a0a9e2307226338
Templates
3d289c02810f4f46a9a843c51bbcb3eb
Nginx_Monitor.xml
Nginx_Monitor
Templates
1a3bf4030ee9479d8ba67345d22cb0f9
nginx_listen_80
net.tcp.listen[80]
5s
30d
Application
nginx
74f8ef360a904708940e562ec05d276a
last(/Nginx_Monitor.xml/net.tcp.listen[80])<>1
{HOST.NAME} listen_80
HIGH
1ea87c8ed484470197109eec5d5081b3
nginx_listen_443
net.tcp.listen[443]
5s
Application
nginx
0683b27cb6184b86a17ba48c0af2728c
last(/Nginx_Monitor.xml/net.tcp.listen[443])<>1
{HOST.NAME} listen_443
HIGH
1e305b2c147046409098a10fe127f9ca
Nginx 对后端发起的活动连接数
nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"active"]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
ed23692b494d45348665efef0039ffd7
Nginx 总共处理的连接数
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,accepts]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
a803578dcb324681b51ae5b9732608c0
Nginx 成功创建的握手数
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,handled]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
312f645d33f04d21bc352c82f1464d10
Nginx 读取到客户端的Header信息数
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,reading]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
3dd483cc59334083a27a9856822fa9e4
Nginx 总共处理的请求数
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,requests]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
d17021ad3dd14026802671a3b4c50ecf
Nginx 等待下一次请求指令的驻留连接数
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,waiting]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
584af0be2fc9416f9d9c6d7f672ac812
Nginx 返回给客户端的Header信息数
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,writing]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
f1bbdc1575084411b7428469c2f7aa28
Nginx 状态码
nginx_status[status]
5s
365d
Application
nginx
a49e0fd42194420cae32e42500b01d4f
last(/Nginx_Monitor.xml/nginx_status[status])<>1
Nginx_status
HIGH
eca8fa7bb7f24791b353d0542c5115d2
Nginx_client_status
003300
Nginx_Monitor.xml
nginx_status["nginx_status",80,"active"]
1
2774A4
Nginx_Monitor.xml
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,reading]
2
EE0000
Nginx_Monitor.xml
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,waiting]
3
AA00AA
Nginx_Monitor.xml
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,writing]
64d9a31301d5404bb9bac82b63fa8047
Nginx_socket_status
1A7C11
Nginx_Monitor.xml
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,accepts]
1
F63100
Nginx_Monitor.xml
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,handled]
2
2774A4
Nginx_Monitor.xml
nginx_status[nginx_status,80,requests]