在大家学完C语言后,经常会被学校要求做很多管理系统,主流做法当选链表,但是很多问题就来了,在学习阶段写过最多基本上就是50行代码左右了,一下子做个小型管理系统问题就比
在大家学完C语言后,经常会被学校要求做很多管理系统,主流做法当选链表,但是很多问题就来了,在学习阶段写过最多基本上就是50行代码左右了,一下子做个小型管理系统问题就比较多。小编当然也是在学完初阶C语言之后过了半年才完整做出来。
所以分享一下经验。
1:首先数据结构:链表要会,而且要熟练掌握其增删查改;
2:调试代码要会,很多代码一行一行的看到最后真的是很让人头大;
不会调试和监控变量是个很痛苦的过程,就算写出来bug多到炸也是很繁琐的;
3:最关键的就是这个框架问题了,如果框架不好,这个代码量会数倍上升,最后就是很多重叠的语句,很不美观,并且代码质量不是很好,在写系统之前一定要多看点小型管理系统的代码,主要是学习框架如何建立,然后再根据自己的系统情况进行改进。
首先我们来看头文件,先将能够用到的头文件一一罗列出来创建在
common.h文件里面。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS #define Space 1000 #include<stdio.h> #include<Windows.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<assert.h>//断言 #include<stdbool.h> #include<string.h>
将定义宏等包含进去。
其次就是这个框架了
#include"system.h" int main() { CycleList myCycleList; CycleListInit(&myCycleList); int input = 0; do { menu(); printf("请选择->"); scanf("%d", &input); switch (input) { case 1: system("cls"); LoginCycle(&myCycleList); break; case 0: system("cls"); printf("自行车管理系统已经退出\n"); break; case 2: system("cls"); SearchCycle(&myCycleList); break; case 3: system("cls"); ChangeCycle(&myCycleList); break; case 4: system("cls"); PickUpCycle(&myCycleList); _flushall(); FileWrite(&myCycleList); _flushall(); break; case 5: system("cls"); PrintResSpace(&myCycleList); break; default: system("cls"); printf("输入有误请重新选择\n"); break; } } while (input); system("pause"); return 0; }
再看各个功能的实现
为了避免函数代码在一个文件里面十分的繁琐,可以先创建一个.h文件将函数名和节点定义放进去,看代码。
#include"common.h" typedef struct Time { int year; int month; int day; int hour; }Time; typedef struct Cycle { char CycleHoster[20];//自行车主名字 int Sex; int Age; char IDcard[18];//身份证号 Time partingTime; //存放时间 int number;//自行车车位号 struct Cycle* next; }CycleNode; typedef struct CycleList { CycleNode *first; CycleNode *last; size_t space; }CycleList; void menu(); void LoginCycle(CycleList *plist);//登记自行车函数 bool SearchCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList);//按照车位号查询自行车 void ChangeCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList); void PickUpCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList); void PrintResSpace(CycleList* myBycycleList); void CycleListInit(CycleList *plist); CycleNode*_Buynode(char* p, int sex, int age, char* number, int Pnumber, int year, int month, int day, int hour); bool CycleListIsFull(CycleList *plist); CycleNode* SearchCycle1(CycleList* myBycycleList); void FileWrite(CycleList* myBycycleList); void DeleteCyNode(CycleList* myBycycleList,int key);
最后就是代码函数功能的实现了。
#include"system.h" void menu() { system("color 4"); printf(" *********************************************************************** \n"); printf(" ************************欢迎使用自行车存放管理系统******************************* \n"); printf("| 自行车停车收费标准2元一小时 |\n"); printf("|\t1.--登记自行车停放位信息 |\n"); printf("|\t2.--查询自行车停车位信息 |\n"); printf("|\t3.--修改自行车信息 |\n"); printf("|\t4.--用户取车管理 |\n"); printf("|\t5.--显示当前空余自行车位信息 |\n"); printf("|\t0.--退出自行车管理系统 |\n"); printf("| |\n"); printf("|*******************************************************************************|\n"); printf("|********************>>>>杨天喆-计科(02)班-20190101134<<<<********************|\n"); printf("|*******************************************************************************|\n\n"); } void LoginCycle(CycleList *plist) { if (!CycleListIsFull(plist)) { char name[20]; int age; int sex; char IDcard[18]; int hour; int Number; int year; int month; int day; printf("请输入自行车主姓名\n"); scanf("%s",name); _flushall(); printf("请输入性别(0代表男,1代表女)"); scanf("%d", &sex); printf("请输入车主年龄"); scanf("%d", &age); printf("请输入身份证号"); scanf("%s", IDcard); _flushall(); printf("请输入停车时间(年,月,日,时)"); scanf("%d,%d,%d,%d",&year,&month,&day,&hour); printf("请输入要停的位号(位号为1到2000)"); scanf("%d", &Number); plist->space++; plist->last->next = _Buynode(name, sex, age, IDcard, Number,year,month,day,hour); plist->last = _Buynode(name, sex, age, IDcard, Number, year, month, day, hour); FILE *fp = fopen("Test.txt", "a"); fprintf(fp, "%s %d %d %s %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", name,age,sex,IDcard,hour,Number,year,month,day,hour); fclose(fp); printf("登记成功\n"); printf("\n"); } else { printf("自行车位已满,不能继续停车"); } } CycleNode* _Buynode(char* p, int sex, int age, char* number, int Pnumber, int year, int month, int day, int hour) { CycleNode *s = (CycleNode*)malloc(sizeof(CycleNode)); size_t sz = strlen(p)+1; size_t sz1 = strlen(number)+1; if (s == NULL) return NULL; else { memcpy(s->CycleHoster,p,sz); s->Age = age; s->Sex = sex; s->partingTime.year = year; s->partingTime.month = month; s->partingTime.hour = hour; s->partingTime.day = day; memcpy(s->IDcard,number,sz1); s->number = Pnumber; s->next = NULL; return s; } } void CycleListInit(CycleList *plist) { char qname[20] = "姓名初始化"; char qnumber[18] = "身份证初始化"; CycleNode* p = _Buynode(qname, 0, 0, qnumber, 0, 0,0,0,0); plist->first = plist->last = p; plist->space = 0; } bool CycleListIsFull(CycleList *plist) { if (plist->space > Space) return true; return false; } bool SearchCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList) { int num; printf(" 查询客房信息\n"); printf("请输入要查询自行车位号:\n"); scanf("%d", &num); CycleNode* p = myBycycleList->first->next; while ((p) != NULL) { if (p->number == num) { printf("车主姓名:%s\n", p->CycleHoster); (p)->Sex == 0 ? printf("男") : printf("女"); printf("车主年龄 %d\n", p->Age); printf("车主的身份证号为%s \n", p->IDcard); printf("停车时间是 %d 年 %d 月 %d 日 %d时\n", p->partingTime.year,p->partingTime.month,p->partingTime.day,p->partingTime.hour); printf("停车位号为%d \n", p->number); printf("查询成功\n"); printf("\n"); return true; } p = p->next; } system("cls"); printf("查询失败,此车位还未被停车\n"); return false; } void ChangeCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList) { int num; int temp; char Name[20]; char Number[18]; size_t sz1; size_t sz2; FILE *fp = fopen("Test.txt", "wt"); int SEX; int AGE; printf("请输入你要更改的信息的自行车位号\n"); scanf("%d", &num); CycleNode *p = myBycycleList->first; while (p != NULL) { if (p->number == num) { printf("您所查询的信息如下\n"); SearchCycle(myBycycleList); printf("请输入你要更改的信息\n"); printf("1:更改姓名\n"); printf("2:更改性别\n"); printf("3:更改年龄\n"); printf("4:更改身份证号\n"); scanf("%d", &temp); switch (temp) { case 1: _flushall(); printf("请输入新的姓名\n"); scanf("%s", Name); _flushall(); sz1 = strlen(Name)+1; memcpy(p->CycleHoster, Name, sz1); printf("更改成功,返回主菜单"); printf("\n"); return; case 2: printf("请输入性别:(0代表男)\n"); scanf("%d", &SEX); p->Sex = num; printf("更改成功,返回主菜单"); printf("\n"); return; case 3: printf("请输入年龄\n"); scanf("%d", &AGE); p->Age = AGE; printf("更改成功,返回主菜单"); printf("\n"); return; case 4: printf("请输入身份证号\n"); scanf("%s", Number); _flushall(); sz2 = strlen(Number)+1; memcpy(p->IDcard, Number, sz2); printf("更改成功,返回主菜单"); printf("\n"); return; default: printf("输入有误,返回主菜单\n"); return; } } p = p->next; } if(p == NULL) { printf("输入有误,返回主菜单"); printf("\n"); } fclose(fp); } void PickUpCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList)//取车 { int Year; int Month; int Day; int Hour; int FEE; CycleNode*p = SearchCycle1(myBycycleList); CycleNode* q = p->next; assert(p != NULL); printf("请输入取车(年,月,日,时)"); scanf("%d,%d,%d,%d", &Year, &Month, &Day, &Hour); printf("您存车的时间是 %d年 %d月 %d日 %d时", (*p).partingTime.year, (*p).partingTime.month, (*p).partingTime.day, (*p).partingTime.hour); FEE = (((Year - (*p).partingTime.year) * 365 * 24 + (Month - (*p).partingTime.month) * 30 + (Day - (*p).partingTime.day) * 24 + (Hour - (*p).partingTime.hour)))*2; printf("您需要缴纳的费用为%d\n\n", FEE); DeleteCyNode(myBycycleList, p->number); printf("取车成功,返回主菜单\n"); printf("\n"); } CycleNode* SearchCycle1(CycleList* myBycycleList) { int num; printf("请输入要查询自行车位号:\n"); scanf("%d", &num); CycleNode* p = myBycycleList->first; while (p != NULL) { if (p->number == num) { return p; } p = p->next; } return NULL; } void PrintResSpace(CycleList* myBycycleList) { printf("=============查询剩余车位===================\n"); CycleNode* p = myBycycleList->first->next; assert(p != NULL); while (p != NULL) { printf("当前使用中的车位号是 %d\n", p->number); p = p->next; } printf("剩余车位数为: %zu \n",Space - myBycycleList->space); printf("=============================================\n"); } void FileWrite(CycleList* myBycycleList) { FILE *fp = fopen("Test.txt", "w"); CycleNode *p = myBycycleList->first; assert(p != NULL); while (p != NULL) { fprintf("%s %d %d %s %d %d %d %d %d ",p->CycleHoster, p->Age,p->Sex,p->IDcard,p->number,p->partingTime.year,p->partingTime.month,p->partingTime.day, p->partingTime.hour); p = p->next; } fclose(fp); } void DeleteCyNode(CycleList* myBycycleList, int key) { CycleNode *s;//q CycleNode *t = myBycycleList->first;//p while (t->next != NULL && t->next->number != key) t = t->next; if (t->next == NULL) return; s = t->next; if (t->next == myBycycleList->last) myBycycleList->last = t; t->next = s->next; free(t); myBycycleList->space--; return; }
实际上用C写出来的这种系统只能说是应付学校检测,实际上没有人愿意用这种系统,操作性不好,界面不美观,鲁棒性也不好,但是C真的是基础编程学科,掌握这些方法的底层实现有助于很多其他编程语言的学习,所以,底层的方法我们还是要学一学。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持自由互联。