expect介绍
借助Expect处理交互的命令,可以将交互 过程如:ssh登录,ftp登录等写在一个脚本上,使之自动化完成.尤其适用于需 要对多台服务器执行相同操作的环境中,可以大大提高系统管理人员的工作效率
expect安装
[root@ansible ssh]# rpm -qa | grep expect
expect-5.45-14.el7_1.x86_64
[root@ansible ssh]# yum install expect
expect 语法
expect [选项] [ -c cmds ] [ [ -[f|b] ] cmdfile ] [ args ]
选项
-c：从命令行执行expect脚本，默认expect是交互地执行的
示例：expect -c 'expect "\n" {send "pressed enter\n"}
-d：可以输出输出调试信息
示例：expect -d ssh.exp
expect中相关命令
spawn：启动新的进程
send：用于向进程发送字符串
expect：从进程接收字符串
interact：允许用户交互
exp_continue 匹配多个字符串在执行动作后加此命令
expect最常用的语法(tcl语言:模式-动作)
单一分支模式语法：
expect “hi” {send “You said hi\n"} 匹配到hi后,会输出“you said hi”，并换行
多分支模式语法:
expect "hi" { send "You said hi\n" } \ "hehe" { send “Hehe yourself\n" } \ "bye" { send “Good bye\n" }
匹配hi,hello,bye任意字符串时,执行相应输出.等同如下:
expect { "hi" { send "You said hi\n"} "hehe" { send "Hehe yourself\n"} "bye" { send “Good bye\n"} }
自动拷贝文件到远程主机
执行expect 不能以bash file 的方式来执行 (开启一个子shell进程)
必须通过 chmod +x file ./file 这样的方式 (不会开启子shell进程,只在当前shell环境中执行)
expect 如果只交互一次如拷贝文件 结尾就使用 expect eof
如果需要连续交互如登录远程主机执行各种命令结尾就需使用 interact
1.安装expect 系统默认没有此命令
yum install expect
2.创建配置文件
[root@ansible ssh]# vi hosts
192.168.31.134 root root
192.168.31.135 root root
192.168.31.136 root root
3.编写脚本
[root@ansible ssh]# ls
copykey.sh hosts
[root@ansible ssh]# vi copykey.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
else
echo "id_rsa has created ..."
fi
#分发到各个节点
while read line
do
user=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2`
ip=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1`
passwd=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3`
expect <<EOF
set timeout 10
spawn ssh-copy-id $user@$ip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
"password" { send "$passwd\n" }
}
expect "password" { send "$passwd\n" }
EOF
done < hosts
4.给脚本执行权限
chmod +x copykey.sh
5.执行脚本
./copykey.sh读取配置文件自动执行ssh
1 #!/usr/bin/expect
2 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root
3 expect {
4 "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
5 "password" { send "root\n" }
6 }
7 expect eof
8
9
10
11 [root@centos7 ~]# bash one.expect
12 one.expect: line 2: spawn: command not found
13 couldn't read file "{": no such file or directory
14 one.expect: line 4: yes/no: No such file or directory
15 one.expect: line 4: exp_continue: command not found
16 one.expect: line 5: password: command not found
17 one.expect: line 6: syntax error near unexpected token `}'
18 one.expect: line 6: `}'
19 [root@centos7 ~]# ./one.expect
20 spawn scp /etc/fstab root@192.168.33.129:/root
21 The authenticity of host '192.168.33.129 (192.168.33.129)' can't be established.
22 RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:FzQU22CgZBnSbmZAuoypliidxPK9PsOFjJwcYUZWk5E.
23 RSA key fingerprint is MD5:a8:2b:51:c3:dc:09:65:89:78:d2:d5:e0:9f:e9:30:1a.
24 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
25 Warning: Permanently added '192.168.33.129' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
26 root@192.168.33.129's password:
27 fstabView Code
1 #!/usr/bin/expect
2 set ip [lindex $argv 0]
3 set user [lindex $argv 1]
4 set password [lindex $argv 2]
5 set timeout 10
6 spawn ssh $user@$ip
7 expect {
8 "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
9 "password" { send "$password\n" }
10 }
11 expect "]#" { send "useradd haha\n" }
12 expect "]#" { send "echo aaa|passwd --stdin haha\n" }
13 send "exit\n" expect eof
14 #./ssh4.exp 192.168.8.100 root aa执行多条命令
1 #!/bin/bash
2 ip=$1
3 user=$2
4 password=$3
5 expect <<EOF
6 set timeout 10
7 spawn ssh $user@$ip
8 expect {
9 "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue }
10 "password" { send "$password\n" }
11 }
12 expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" }
13 expect "]#" { send "echo rrr|passwd --stdin hehe\n" }
14 expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof
15 EOF
16 #./ssh5.sh 192.168.8.100 root aaashell调用expect
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